A comprehensive sunscreen guide, according to expert

Protecting your skin from the sun's harmful effects is essential for maintaining your health and well-being.

Sunscreen use isn't limited to sunny beach days; dermatologists urge daily application to shield your skin from damage and prevent skin cancer. "You need to wear sunscreen even when it is not sunny because up to 80% of the sun's UV rays can penetrate through clouds and cause damage to your skin," Dr. Robyn Gmyrek, M.D., told ABC News.

She added that it's also wise to wear sunscreen indoors if you’re near windows, as UVA light can pass through glass and affect your skin.

Meet our expert

Dr. Robyn Gmyrek, M.D. is a board-certified dermatologist who has received national recognition for her contributions to cosmetic dermatology, including Castle and Connolly America’s Top Doctors, New York Magazine’s 2013-2020 Best Doctors, and inclusion in the 2013-2020 lists of Super Doctors.

The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) also has guidelines to help you make the right choice when selecting a sunscreen.

Here’s a comprehensive guide on what to consider when choosing sunscreen:

Key features of effective sunscreen

According to the AAD, it is recommended that you choose a sunscreen that has the following:

• Broad-Spectrum Protection: This ensures your sunscreen blocks both UVA (aging rays) and UVB (burning rays) to give you comprehensive protection.
• SPF 30 or Higher: SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor, which measures the level of UVB protection. SPF 30 or above is recommended for effective guarding against sunburn, early skin aging, and skin cancer.
• Water Resistance: A water-resistant formula is essential for activities involving swimming or sweating, providing sustained protection.

Types of sunscreens: Mineral vs. chemical

• Mineral (Physical) Sunscreens act like shields, sitting on top of the skin and reflecting UV rays away. They usually contain zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. They're ideal for sensitive skin, as they’re less likely to cause irritation.
• Chemical Sunscreens absorb UV rays like a sponge. They typically contain ingredients like avobenzone or octocrylene. They’re often easier to rub in and offer a lightweight feel.

Sunscreen and skin conditions

• Acne-Prone Skin: Opt for non-comedogenic formulations that won’t clog pores. Gel-based sunscreens work well for oily complexions.
• Eczema-Prone Skin: Fragrance-free and hypoallergenic mineral sunscreens are generally better to prevent flare-ups.
• Powder Sunscreens: There is no official consensus on the efficacy of powder sunscreens. While they can offer convenience, especially for reapplication, it is best to use them as a supplement rather than a primary form of sun protection.

Sunscreen application guidance

"All sunscreens (chemical or mineral) must be applied about 15 -20 minutes before sun exposure so that the sunscreen can spread evenly on your skin, dry down, and form an intact layer. You need to re-apply sunscreen after 2 hours and more often if you are sweating or in the water," said Dr. Gmyrek.

• Timing: Apply 20 minutes before sun exposure.
• Expiration Date: Sunscreens lose effectiveness past their expiration date, so always check before use.
• Reapplication: Reapply every two hours or immediately after swimming or sweating.
• Cloudy Days: Apply even on cloudy days, as up to 80% of UV rays can penetrate clouds.
• Quantity: Use about an ounce to cover exposed skin adequately.

Formulations and preferences

"It is essential to try different formulations of sunscreens that meet these requirements to find one you prefer," said Dr. Gmyrek. "The formulation – sport, gel, lotion, cream is a personal preference, and sometimes you need to try a few to see which one you like best. If you have a great sunscreen but you hate the way it looks or feels on your skin – you won’t use it!"

Different formulations are suitable based on personal preferences or specific areas of the body:

• Creams: Suitable for dry skin or facial application.
• Gels: Great for oily complexions and hairy areas like the scalp.
• Sticks: Effective for targeted application around the eyes.

Remember, the best sunscreen is the one you’ll use consistently, so find a product that suits your lifestyle and skin type to stay protected.

Take a look at some of the best sunscreens on the market that meet the guidelines outlined above.

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