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    Getting started with Cloud Endpoints for Managed Instance Group (MIGs) with ESPv2

    This tutorial shows you how to configure and deploy a sample API and the Extensible Service Proxy V2 (ESPv2) running in prebuilt Docker containers on Managed Instance Group (MIGs) .

    The sample code's REST API is described using the OpenAPI specification . The tutorial also shows you how to create an API key and use it in requests to the API.

    For an overview of Cloud Endpoints, see About Endpoints and Endpoints architecture .

    Objectives

    Use the following high-level task list as you work through the tutorial. All tasks are required to successfully send requests to the API.
    1. Set up a Google Cloud project. See Before you begin .
    2. Download the sample code. See Getting the sample code .
    3. Configure the openapi.yaml file, which is used to configure Endpoints. See Configuring Endpoints .
    4. Deploy the Endpoints configuration to create a Endpoints service. See Deploying the Endpoints configuration .
    5. Deploy the API and ESPv2 on the Managed Instance Group (MIGs) backend. See Deploying the API backend .
    6. Send a request to the API by using an IP address. See Sending a request by using IP address .
    7. Configure a DNS record for the sample API. See Configuring DNS for Endpoints .
    8. Send a request to the API by using the fully qualified domain name. See Sending a request by using FQDN .
    9. Track API activity. See Tracking API activity .
    10. Avoid incurring charges to your Google Cloud account. See Clean up .

    Costs

    In this document, you use the following billable components of Google Cloud:

    To generate a cost estimate based on your projected usage, use the pricing calculator .

    New Google Cloud users might be eligible for a free trial .

    When you finish the tasks that are described in this document, you can avoid continued billing by deleting the resources that you created. For more information, see Clean up .

    Before you begin

    Before you begin

    1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

    2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

      Roles required to select or create a project

      • Select a project : Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
      • Create a project : To create a project, you need the Project Creator role ( roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator ), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles .

      Go to project selector

    3. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project .

    4. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

      Roles required to select or create a project

      • Select a project : Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
      • Create a project : To create a project, you need the Project Creator role ( roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator ), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles .

      Go to project selector

    5. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project .

      6.
    6. Make a note of the project ID because it's needed later.

    7. You need an application to send requests to the sample API .

      • Linux and macOS users: This tutorial provides an example of using curl , which typically comes pre-installed on your operating system. If you don't have curl , you can download it from the curl Releases and downloads page .
      • Windows users: This tutorial provides an example using Invoke-WebRequest , which is supported in PowerShell 3.0 and later.
    8. Download the Google Cloud CLI .
    9. Update the gcloud CLI and install the Endpoints components. 
      gcloud components update
    10. Make sure that the Google Cloud CLI ( gcloud ) is authorized to access your data and services on Google Cloud: 
      gcloud auth login
       In the new browser tab that opens, select an account.
    11. Set the default project to your project ID. 
      gcloud config set project YOUR_PROJECT_ID

      Replace YOUR_PROJECT_ID with your project ID. If you have other Google Cloud projects, and you want to use gcloud to manage them, see Managing gcloud CLI configurations .

    When you finish the tasks that are described in this document, you can avoid continued billing by deleting the resources that you created. For more information, see Clean up .

    Downloading the sample code

    Download the sample code to your local machine.

    Java

    To clone or download the sample API:

    1. Clone the sample app repository to your local machine: 
      git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/java-docs-samples

      Alternatively, download the sample as a zip file and extract it.

    2. Change to the directory that contains the sample code: 
      cd java-docs-samples/endpoints/getting-started
    Python

    To clone or download the sample API:

    1. Clone the sample app repository to your local machine: 
      git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples

      Alternatively, download the sample as a zip file and extract it.

    2. Change to the directory that contains the sample code: 
      cd python-docs-samples/endpoints/getting-started
    Go

    To clone or download the sample API:

    1. Make sure your GOPATH environment variable is set.
    2. Clone the sample app repository to your local machine: 
      go get -d github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/golang-samples/endpoints/getting-started
    3. Change to the directory that contains the sample code: 
      cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/golang-samples/endpoints/getting-started
    PHP

    To clone or download the sample API:

    1. Clone the sample app repository to your local machine: 
      git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/php-docs-samples

      Alternatively, download the sample as a zip file and extract it.

    2. Change to the directory that contains the sample code: 
      cd php-docs-samples/endpoints/getting-started
    Ruby

    To clone or download the sample API:

    1. Clone the sample app repository to your local machine: 
      git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/ruby-docs-samples

      Alternatively, download the sample as a zip file and extract it.

    2. Change to the directory that contains the sample code: 
      cd ruby-docs-samples/endpoints/getting-started
    NodeJS

    To clone or download the sample API:

    1. Clone the sample app repository to your local machine: 
      git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/nodejs-docs-samples

      Alternatively, download the sample as a zip file and extract it.

    2. Change to the directory that contains the sample code: 
      cd nodejs-docs-samples/endpoints/getting-started

    Configuring Endpoints

    You must have an OpenAPI document based on either OpenAPI 2.0 or OpenAPI 3.x that describes the surface of your apps and any authentication requirements. To learn more, see Supported OpenAPI versions .

    You also need to add a Google-specific field that contains the URL for each app so that ESPv2 has the information it needs to invoke an app. If you are new to OpenAPI, see OpenAPI overview for more information.

    OpenAPI 2.0

    To configure Endpoints using an OpenAPI 2.0 specification, you can use the openapi.yaml file available in the endpoints/getting-started directory of the downloaded sample code.

    The contents of the OpenAPI 2.0 specification should look similar to the following:

     swagger 
 : 
  
 "2.0" 
 info 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "A 
  
 simple 
  
 Google 
  
 Cloud 
  
 Endpoints 
  
 API 
  
 example." 
  
 title 
 : 
  
 "Endpoints 
  
 Example" 
  
 version 
 : 
  
 "1.0.0" 
 host 
 : 
  
 "echo-api.endpoints. YOUR_PROJECT_ID 
.cloud.goog" 
 consumes 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 "application/json" 
 produces 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 "application/json" 
 schemes 
 : 
 # Uncomment the next line if you configure SSL for this API. 
 # - "https" 
  
 - 
  
 "http" 
 paths 
 : 
  
 /echo 
 : 
  
 post 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Echo 
  
 back 
  
 a 
  
 given 
  
 message." 
  
 operationId 
 : 
  
 "echo" 
  
 produces 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 "application/json" 
  
 responses 
 : 
  
 200 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Echo" 
  
 schema 
 : 
  
 $ref 
 : 
  
 "#/definitions/echoMessage" 
  
 parameters 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Message 
  
 to 
  
 echo" 
  
 in 
 : 
  
 body 
  
 name 
 : 
  
 message 
  
 required 
 : 
  
 true 
  
 schema 
 : 
  
 $ref 
 : 
  
 "#/definitions/echoMessage" 
  
 security 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 api_key 
 : 
  
 [] 
  
 /auth/info/googlejwt 
 : 
  
 get 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Returns 
  
 the 
  
 requests' 
  
 authentication 
  
 information." 
  
 operationId 
 : 
  
 "auth_info_google_jwt" 
  
 produces 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 "application/json" 
  
 responses 
 : 
  
 200 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Authenication 
  
 info." 
  
 schema 
 : 
  
 $ref 
 : 
  
 "#/definitions/authInfoResponse" 
  
 security 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 api_key 
 : 
  
 [] 
  
 google_jwt 
 : 
  
 [] 
  
 /auth/info/googleidtoken 
 : 
  
 get 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Returns 
  
 the 
  
 requests' 
  
 authentication 
  
 information." 
  
 operationId 
 : 
  
 "authInfoGoogleIdToken" 
  
 produces 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 "application/json" 
  
 responses 
 : 
  
 200 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Authentication 
  
 info." 
  
 schema 
 : 
  
 $ref 
 : 
  
 "#/definitions/authInfoResponse" 
  
 security 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 api_key 
 : 
  
 [] 
  
 google_id_token 
 : 
  
 [] 
 definitions 
 : 
  
 echoMessage 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "object" 
  
 properties 
 : 
  
 message 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "string" 
  
 authInfoResponse 
 : 
  
 properties 
 : 
  
 id 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "string" 
  
 email 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "string" 
 securityDefinitions 
 : 
  
 # This section configures basic authentication with an API key. 
  
 api_key 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "apiKey" 
  
 name 
 : 
  
 "key" 
  
 in 
 : 
  
 "query" 
  
 # This section configures authentication using Google API Service Accounts 
  
 # to sign a json web token. This is mostly used for server-to-server 
  
 # communication. 
  
 google_jwt 
 : 
  
 authorizationUrl 
 : 
  
 "" 
  
 flow 
 : 
  
 "implicit" 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "oauth2" 
  
 # This must match the 'iss' field in the JWT. 
  
 x-google-issuer 
 : 
  
 "jwt-client.endpoints.sample.google.com" 
  
 # Update this with your service account's email address. 
  
 x-google-jwks_uri 
 : 
  
 "https://www.googleapis.com/service_accounts/v1/jwk/ YOUR_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL 
" 
  
 # This must match the "aud" field in the JWT. You can add multiple 
  
 # audiences to accept JWTs from multiple clients. 
  
 x-google-audiences 
 : 
  
 "echo.endpoints.sample.google.com" 
  
 # This section configures authentication using Google OAuth2 ID Tokens. 
  
 # ID Tokens can be obtained using OAuth2 clients, and can be used to access 
  
 # your API on behalf of a particular user. 
  
 google_id_token 
 : 
  
 authorizationUrl 
 : 
  
 "" 
  
 flow 
 : 
  
 "implicit" 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "oauth2" 
  
 x-google-issuer 
 : 
  
 "https://accounts.google.com" 
  
 x-google-jwks_uri 
 : 
  
 "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v3/certs" 
  
 # Your OAuth2 client's Client ID must be added here. You can add 
  
 # multiple client IDs to accept tokens from multiple clients. 
  
 x-google-audiences 
 : 
  
 " YOUR_CLIENT_ID 
"

    OpenAPI 3.x

    To configure Endpoints using an OpenAPI 3.x specification, you can replace the contents of the openapi.yaml file available in the endpoints/getting-started directory of the downloaded sample code:

    1. Open the openapi.yaml in your text editor and replace the contents with the following: 
       openapi 
 : 
  
 3.0.4 
 info 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "A 
  
 simple 
  
 Google 
  
 Cloud 
  
 Endpoints 
  
 API 
  
 example." 
  
 title 
 : 
  
 "Endpoints 
  
 Example" 
  
 version 
 : 
  
 "1.0.0" 
 servers 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 url 
 : 
  
 "http://echo-api.endpoints. YOUR_PROJECT_ID 
.cloud.goog" 
  
 x-google-endpoint 
 : 
  
 {} 
 paths 
 : 
  
 "/echo" 
 : 
  
 post 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Echo 
  
 back 
  
 a 
  
 given 
  
 message." 
  
 operationId 
 : 
  
 "echo" 
  
 requestBody 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Message 
  
 to 
  
 echo" 
  
 required 
 : 
  
 true 
  
 content 
 : 
  
 "application/json" 
 : 
  
 schema 
 : 
  
 $ref 
 : 
  
 "#/components/schemas/echoMessage" 
  
 responses 
 : 
  
 '200' 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Echo" 
  
 content 
 : 
  
 "application/json" 
 : 
  
 schema 
 : 
  
 $ref 
 : 
  
 "#/components/schemas/echoMessage" 
  
 security 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 api_key 
 : 
  
 [] 
  
 "/auth/info/googlejwt" 
 : 
  
 get 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Returns 
  
 the 
  
 requests' 
  
 authentication 
  
 information." 
  
 operationId 
 : 
  
 "auth_info_google_jwt" 
  
 responses 
 : 
  
 '200' 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Authentication 
  
 info." 
  
 content 
 : 
  
 "application/json" 
 : 
  
 schema 
 : 
  
 $ref 
 : 
  
 "#/components/schemas/authInfoResponse" 
  
 security 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 api_key 
 : 
  
 [] 
  
 google_jwt 
 : 
  
 [] 
  
 "/auth/info/googleidtoken" 
 : 
  
 get 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Returns 
  
 the 
  
 requests' 
  
 authentication 
  
 information." 
  
 operationId 
 : 
  
 "authInfoGoogleIdToken" 
  
 responses 
 : 
  
 '200' 
 : 
  
 description 
 : 
  
 "Authentication 
  
 info." 
  
 content 
 : 
  
 "application/json" 
 : 
  
 schema 
 : 
  
 $ref 
 : 
  
 "#/components/schemas/authInfoResponse" 
  
 security 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 api_key 
 : 
  
 [] 
  
 google_id_token 
 : 
  
 [] 
 components 
 : 
  
 schemas 
 : 
  
 echoMessage 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "object" 
  
 properties 
 : 
  
 message 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "string" 
  
 authInfoResponse 
 : 
  
 properties 
 : 
  
 id 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "string" 
  
 email 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "string" 
  
 securitySchemes 
 : 
  
 api_key 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "apiKey" 
  
 name 
 : 
  
 "key" 
  
 in 
 : 
  
 "query" 
  
 google_jwt 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "oauth2" 
  
 flows 
 : 
  
 implicit 
 : 
  
 authorizationUrl 
 : 
  
 "" 
  
 scopes 
 : 
  
 {} 
  
 x-google-auth 
 : 
  
 issuer 
 : 
  
 "jwt-client.endpoints.sample.google.com" 
  
 jwksUri 
 : 
  
 "https://www.googleapis.com/service_accounts/v1/jwk/ YOUR_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL 
" 
  
 audiences 
 : 
  
 "echo.endpoints.sample.google.com" 
  
 google_id_token 
 : 
  
 type 
 : 
  
 "oauth2" 
  
 flows 
 : 
  
 implicit 
 : 
  
 authorizationUrl 
 : 
  
 "" 
  
 scopes 
 : 
  
 {} 
  
 x-google-auth 
 : 
  
 issuer 
 : 
  
 "https://accounts.google.com" 
  
 jwksUri 
 : 
  
 "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v3/certs" 
  
 audiences 
 : 
  
 - 
  
 " YOUR_CLIENT_ID 
"
    2. Save the new contents of openapi.yaml .

    This tutorial uses a Google-specific extension to the OpenAPI specification that lets you configure the service name. The method for specifying the service name depends on which version of the OpenAPI spec you are using.

    OpenAPI 2.0

    Use the host field to specify the service name:

     host 
 : 
  
 echo-api.endpoints.YOUR_PROJECT_ID.cloud.goog

    To configure Endpoints:

    1. Open the openapi.yaml file.
    2. In the host field, replace YOUR_PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project ID.
    3. Save the openapi.yaml file.

    OpenAPI 3.x

    Use the url field in the servers object to specify the service name:

     servers 
 : 
 - 
  
 url 
 : 
  
 https://echo-api.endpoints. YOUR_PROJECT_ID 
.cloud.goog 
  
 x-google-endpoint 
 : 
  
 {}

    To configure Endpoints:

    1. Open the openapi.yaml file.
    2. If your openapi.yaml file has a host field, remove it.
    3. Add a servers object as shown.
    4. In the url field, replace YOUR_PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project ID.
    5. Save the openapi.yaml file.

    After you have finished all the following configuration steps such that you can successfully send requests to the sample API by using an IP address, see Configuring Endpoints DNS for information on how to configure echo-api.endpoints. YOUR_PROJECT_ID .cloud.goog to be the fully qualified domain name (FQDN).

    Deploying the Endpoints configuration

    To deploy the Endpoints configuration, you use the gcloud endpoints services deploy command. This command uses Service Management to create a managed service.

    To deploy the Endpoints configuration:

    1. Make sure you are in the directory where your openapi.yaml configuration file is located.
    2. Upload the configuration and create a managed service: 
      gcloud endpoints services deploy openapi.yaml

    The gcloud command then calls the Service Management API to create a managed service with the name that you specified in the host or servers.url field of the openapi.yaml file. Service Management configures the service according to the settings in the openapi.yaml file. When you make changes to openapi.yaml , you must redeploy the file to update the Endpoints service.

    As it is creating and configuring the service, Service Management outputs information to the terminal. You can safely ignore the warnings about the paths in the openapi.yaml file not requiring an API key. When it finishes configuring the service, Service Management displays a message with the service configuration ID and the service name, similar to the following:

    Service Configuration [2017-02-13r0] uploaded for service [echo-api.endpoints.example-project-12345.cloud.goog]

    In the preceding example, 2017-02-13r0 is the service configuration ID, and echo-api.endpoints.example-project-12345.cloud.goog is the Endpoints service. The service configuration ID consists of a date stamp followed by a revision number. If you deploy the openapi.yaml file again on the same day, the revision number is incremented in the service configuration ID. You can view the Endpoints service configuration on the Endpoints > Services page in the Google Cloud console.

    If you get an error message, see Troubleshooting Endpoints configuration deployment .

    Checking required services

    At a minimum, Endpoints and ESP require the following Google services to be enabled:
    Name Title
    servicemanagement.googleapis.com Service Management API
    servicecontrol.googleapis.com Service Control API

    In most cases, the gcloud endpoints services deploy command enables these required services. However, the gcloud command completes successfully but doesn't enable the required services in the following circumstances:

    • If you used a third-party application such as Terraform, and you don't include these services.

    • You deployed the Endpoints configuration to an existing Google Cloud project in which these services were explicitly disabled.

    Use the following command to confirm that the required services are enabled:

    gcloud services list

    If you do not see the required services listed, enable them:

    gcloud services enable servicemanagement.googleapis.com gcloud services enable servicecontrol.googleapis.com

    Also enable your Endpoints service:

    gcloud services enable ENDPOINTS_SERVICE_NAME

    To determine the ENDPOINTS_SERVICE_NAME you can either:

    • After deploying the Endpoints configuration, go to the Endpointspage in the Cloud console. The list of possible ENDPOINTS_SERVICE_NAME are shown under the Service namecolumn.

    • For OpenAPI, the ENDPOINTS_SERVICE_NAME is what you specified in the host field of your OpenAPI spec. For gRPC, the ENDPOINTS_SERVICE_NAME is what you specified in the name field of your gRPC Endpoints configuration.

    For more information about the gcloud commands, see gcloud services .

    Deploying the API Backend

    Create an instance template

    Create a template that you will use to create a group of VM instances. Each instance created from the template launches an ESPv2 and a backend application server.

    1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Instance templatespage.

      Go to Instance templates

    2. Click Create instance template.

    3. Under Name, enter load-balancing-espv2-template .

    4. Under Machine configuration, set the Machine typeto e2-micro .

    5. Under Boot disk, set the Imageto Container Optimized OS stable version .

    6. Under Firewall, select Allow HTTP traffic.

    7. Click Management, security, disks, networking, sole tenancyto reveal the advanced settings.

    8. Click the Managementtab. Under Automation, enter the following Startup script. Remember to update ENDPOINTS_SERVICE_NAME .

      sudo docker network create --driver bridge esp_net
sudo docker run \
  --detach \
  --name=echo \
  --net=esp_net \
  gcr.io/google-samples/echo-python:1.0
sudo docker run \
  --detach \
  --name=esp \
  --publish=80:9000 \
  --net=esp_net \
  gcr.io/endpoints-release/endpoints-runtime:2 \
  --service= ENDPOINTS_SERVICE_NAME 
\
  --rollout_strategy=managed \
  --listener_port=9000 \
  --healthz=/healthz \
  --backend=echo:8080

      The script gets, installs, and launches the echo application server and the ESPv2 proxy server at instance startup.

    9. Click Create.

    Wait until the template has been created before continuing.

    Create a regional managed instance group

    To run the application, use the instance template to create a regional managed instance group:

    1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Instance groupspage.

      Go to Instance groups

    2. Click Create instance group.

    3. Under Name, enter load-balancing-espv2-group .

    4. Under Location, select Multiple zones.

      Pro Tip: To ensure your application is available during extreme events, like zonal outages, Compute Engine recommends that you distribute your application across multiple zones .

    5. Under Region, select us-central1.

    6. Click the Configure zonesdrop-down menu to reveal Zones. Select the following zones:

      • us-central1-b
      • us-central1-c
      • us-central1-f

    7. Under Instance template, select load-balancing-espv2-template .

    8. Under Autoscaling, select Don't autoscale.

    9. Set Number of instancesto 3 .

    10. Under Instance redistribution, select On.

    11. Under Autohealingand Health check, select No health check.

    12. Click Create. This redirects you back to the Instance groupspage.

    Create a load balancer

    This section explains the steps required to create a global load balancer that directs HTTP traffic to your instance group.

    This load balancer uses a frontend to receive incoming traffic and a backend to distribute this traffic to healthy instances. Because the load balancer is made of multiple components, this task is divided into several parts:

    • Backend configuration
    • Frontend configuration
    • Review and finalize

    Complete all the steps to create the load balancer.

    1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Create a load balancerpage.

      Go to Create a load balancer

    2. In the Application Load Balancer (HTTP/S)section, click Start configuration.

    3. Under Internet facing or internal only, select From Internet to my VMs. Then, click Continue.

    4. For the Nameof the load balancer, enter espv2-load-balancer .

    Backend configuration

    1. In the left panel of the Create global external Application Load Balancerpage, click Backend configuration.
    2. Click Create or select backend services & backend bucketsto open a drop-down menu. Click Backend services, then click Create a backend service.
    3. In the new window, for the Nameof the backend application, enter espv2-backend .
    4. Set Instance groupto load-balancing-espv2-group .
    5. Set Port numbersto 80 . This allows HTTP traffic between the load balancer and the instance group.
    6. Under Balancing mode, select Utilization.
    7. Click Doneto create the backend.

    8. Create the health check for the backend of the load balancer:

      1. Under Health check, select Create a health check(or Create another health check) from the drop-down menu. A new window opens.
      2. In the new window under Name, enter espv2-load-balancer-check .
      3. Set the Protocolto HTTP.
      4. Under Port, enter 80 .
      5. For this tutorial, set the Request pathto /healthz , which is a path that the ESPv2 is set up to respond to.

      6. Set the following Health criteria:

        1. Set Check intervalto 3 seconds. This defines the amount of time from the start of one probe to the start of the next one.
        2. Set Timeoutto 3 seconds. This defines the amount of time that Google Cloud waits for a response to a probe. Its value must be less than or equal to the check interval.
        3. Set Healthy Thresholdto 2 consecutive successes. This defines the number of sequential probes that must succeed in order for the instance to be considered healthy.
        4. Set Unhealthy Thresholdto 2 consecutive failures. This defines the number of sequential probes that must fail in order for the instance to be considered unhealthy.

      7. Click Save and continueto create the health check.

    9. Click Createto create the backend service.

    Frontend configuration

    1. In the left panel of the Create global external Application Load Balancerpage, click Frontend configuration.
    2. On the Frontend configurationpage, under Name, enter espv2-ipv4-frontend .
    3. Set the Protocolto HTTP .
    4. Set the Portto 80 .
    5. Click Doneto create the frontend.

    Review and finalize

    1. Verify your load balancing settings before creating the load balancer:

      1. In the left panel of the Create global external Application Load Balancerpage, click Review and finalize.

      2. On the Review and finalizepage, verify the following Backendsettings:

        • The Backend serviceis espv2-backend .
        • The Endpoint protocolis HTTP .
        • The Health checkis espv2-load-balancer-check .
        • The Instance groupis load-balancing-espv2-group .

      3. On the same page, verify that Frontenduses an IP address with a Protocolof HTTP .

    2. In the left panel of the Create global external Application Load Balancerpage, click Createto finish creating the load balancer.

      You might need to wait a few minutes for the load balancer creation to finish.

    3. After the load balancer is created, find the IP address from the Load Balancerpage.

      Go to Load Balancer

    Sending a request by using an IP address

    After the sample API and ESPv2 are running on the deployed backend, you can send requests to the API from your local machine.

    Create an API key and set an environment variable

    The sample code requires an API key. To simplify the request, you set an environment variable for the API key.

    1. In the same Google Cloud project that you used for your API, create an API key on the API credentials page. If you want to create an API key in a different Google Cloud project, see Enabling an API in your Google Cloud project .

      Go to the Credentials page

    2. Click Create credentials , and then select API key .
    3. Copy the key to the clipboard.
    4. Click Close .
    5. On your local computer, paste the API key to assign it to an environment variable:
      • In Linux or macOS: export ENDPOINTS_KEY=AIza...
      • In Windows PowerShell: $Env:ENDPOINTS_KEY="AIza..."

    Send the request

    Linux or mac OS

    Use curl to send an HTTP request by using the ENDPOINTS_KEY environment variable you set previously. Replace IP_ADDRESS with the external IP address of your instance.

    curl  
--request  
POST  
 \ 
  
--header  
 "content-type:application/json" 
  
 \ 
  
--data  
 '{"message":"hello world"}' 
  
 \ 
  
 "http:// IP_ADDRESS 
:80/echo?key= 
 ${ 
 ENDPOINTS_KEY 
 } 
 "

    In the preceding curl :

    • The --data option specifies the data to post to the API.
    • The --header option specifies that the data is in JSON format.

    PowerShell

    Use Invoke-WebRequest to send an HTTP request by using the ENDPOINTS_KEY environment variable you set previously. Replace IP_ADDRESS with the external IP address of your instance.

     ( 
Invoke-WebRequest  
-Method  
POST  
-Body  
 '{"message": "hello world"}' 
  
 ` 
  
-Headers  
@ { 
 "content-type" 
 = 
 "application/json" 
 } 
  
 ` 
  
-URI  
 "http:// IP_ADDRESS 
:80/echo?key= 
 $Env 
 :ENDPOINTS_KEY" 
 ) 
.Content

    In the previous example, the first two lines end in a backtick. When you paste the example into PowerShell, make sure there isn't a space following the backticks. For information about the options used in the example request, see Invoke-WebRequest in the Microsoft documentation.

    Third-party app

    You can use a third-party application such as the Chrome browser extension Postman to send the request:

    • Select POST as the HTTP verb.
    • For the header, select the key content-type and the value application/json .
    • For the body, enter the following:
      {"message":"hello world"}
    • In the URL, use the actual API key rather than the environment variable. For example:
      http://192.0.2.0:80/echo?key=AIza...

    The API echoes back the message that you send, and responds with the following:

     {
  "message": "hello world"
}

    If you didn't get a successful response, see Troubleshooting response errors .

    You just deployed and tested an API in Endpoints!

    Configuring DNS for Endpoints

    Because the Endpoints service name for the API is in the .endpoints. YOUR_PROJECT_ID .cloud.goog domain, you can use it as the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) by making a small configuration change in your openapi.yaml file. This way, you can send requests to the sample API by using echo-api.endpoints. YOUR_PROJECT_ID .cloud.goog instead of the IP address.

    To configure Endpoints DNS:

    OpenAPI 2.0

    1. Open your OpenAPI configuration file, openapi.yaml , and add the x-google-endpoints property at the top level of the file (not indented or nested) as shown in the following snippet: 
      host: "echo-api.endpoints. YOUR_PROJECT_ID 
.cloud.goog"
x-google-endpoints: - 
name: "echo-api.endpoints. YOUR_PROJECT_ID 
.cloud.goog"
  target: " IP_ADDRESS 
"
    2. In the name property, replace YOUR_PROJECT_ID with your project ID.
    3. In the target property, replace IP_ADDRESS with the IP address that you used when you sent a request to the sample API.
    4. Deploy your updated OpenAPI configuration file to Service Management: 
      gcloud endpoints services deploy openapi.yaml

    OpenAPI 3.x

    1. Open your OpenAPI configuration file, openapi.yaml , and add the servers.url property at the top level of the file (not indented or nested) as shown in the following snippet: 
      servers: - 
url: "echo-api.endpoints. YOUR_PROJECT_ID 
.cloud.goog"
    x-google-endpoint:
      target: " IP_ADDRESS 
"
    2. In the name property, replace YOUR_PROJECT_ID with your project ID.
    3. In the target property, replace IP_ADDRESS with the IP address that you used when you sent a request to the sample API.
    4. Deploy your updated OpenAPI configuration file to Service Management: 
      gcloud endpoints services deploy openapi.yaml

    For example, assume the openapi.yaml file has the following configured:

    OpenAPI 2.0

    host: "echo-api.endpoints.example-project-12345.cloud.goog"
x-google-endpoints:
- name: "echo-api.endpoints.example-project-12345.cloud.goog"
  target: "192.0.2.1"

    OpenAPI 3.x

    servers:
  - url: "echo-api.endpoints.example-project-12345.cloud.goog"
    x-google-endpoint:
      target: "192.0.2.1"

    When you deploy the openapi.yaml file by using the preceding gcloud command, Service Management creates a DNS A-record, echo-api.endpoints.my-project-id.cloud.goog , which resolves to the target IP address, 192.0.2.1 . It might take a few minutes for the new DNS configuration to propagate.

    Configuring SSL

    For more details on how to configure DNS and SSL, see Enabling SSL for Endpoints .

    Sending a request by using FQDN

    Now that you have the DNS record configured for the sample API, send a request to it by using the FQDN (replace YOUR_PROJECT_ID with your project ID) and the ENDPOINTS_KEY environment variable set previously:

    • In Linux or mac OS: 
      curl  
--request  
POST  
\  
--header  
"content-type:application/json"  
\  
--data  
'{"message":"hello  
world"}'  
\  
"http://echo-api.endpoints. YOUR_PROJECT_ID 
.cloud.goog:80/echo?key= ${ 
 ENDPOINTS_KEY 
 } 
"
    • In Windows PowerShell: 
       ( 
 Invoke 
 - 
 WebRequest 
  
 - 
 Method 
  
 POST 
  
 - 
 Body 
  
 '{"message": "hello world"}' 
  
 - 
 Headers 
  
 @{ 
 "content-type" 
 = 
 "application/json" 
 } 
  
 - 
 URI 
  
 "http://echo-api.endpoints. [YOUR_PROJECT_ID] 
.cloud.goog:80/echo?key=$Env:ENDPOINTS_KEY" 
 ). 
 Content

    Tracking API activity

    To track API activity:

    1. Look at the activity graphs for your API in the Endpoints> Servicespage.

      Go to the Endpoints Services page


      It may take a few moments for the request to be reflected in the graphs.
    2. Look at the request logs for your API in the Logs Explorer page.

      Go to the Logs Explorer page

    Clean up

    To avoid incurring charges to your Google Cloud account for the resources used in this tutorial, either delete the project that contains the resources, or keep the project and delete the individual resources.

    1. Make sure that the gcloud CLI ( gcloud ) is authorized to access your data and services on Google Cloud:

       gcloud auth login

    2. Enter the following to display the project IDs for your Google Cloud projects:

       gcloud projects list

    3. Using the applicable project ID from the previous step, set the default Google Cloud project to the one that your application is in:

        gcloud 
  
 config 
  
 set 
  
 project 
  
 [ 
 YOUR_PROJECT_ID 
 ]

    4. Obtain the name of all managed services in your Google Cloud project:

       gcloud endpoints services list

    5. Delete the service from Service Management. Replace SERVICE_NAME with the name of the service you want to remove.

      gcloud endpoints services delete SERVICE_NAME

      Running gcloud endpoints services delete doesn't immediately delete the managed service. Service Management disables the managed service for 30 days, which allows you time to restore it if you need to. After 30 days, Service Management permanently deletes the managed service.

    6. Go to the Load Balancerpage.

      Go to Load Balancer

      Delete load balancer espv2-load-balancer with backend service espv2-backend and health check espv2-load-balancer-check .

    7. Go to the Instance Groupspage.

      Go to Instance Groups

      Delete load-balancing-espv2-group

    8. Go to the Instance Templatepage.

      Go to Instance Templates

      Delete load-balancing-espv2-template .

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