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    Supported frameworks

    This page lists the supported frameworks and their constituent packages for the following services:

    For an in-depth explanation of the framework support policy, see Agent Platform framework support policy .

    Supported frameworks for custom training

    Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform uses container images to configure cloud resources to service your training requests. The following versions are supported for custom training prebuilt containers :

    TensorFlow

    ML framework version
    Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable)
    End of patch and support date
    End of availability
    Supported images
    2.17 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Jul 11, 2025
    Jul 11, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-17.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-17.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-17.py310:latest
    2.17 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Jul 11, 2025
    Jul 11, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-17.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-17.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-17.py310:latest
    2.16 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Jun 28, 2025
    Jun 28, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-16.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-16.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-16.py310:latest
    2.16 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Jun 28, 2025
    Jun 28, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-16.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-16.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-16.py310:latest
    2.15 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Nov 14, 2024
    Nov 14, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-15.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-15.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-15.py310:latest
    2.15 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Nov 14, 2024
    Nov 14, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-15.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-15.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-15.py310:latest
    2.15 (Python 3.10)
    TPU only
    Oct 23, 2024
    Oct 23, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-15.cp310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-15.cp310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-15.cp310:latest
    2.14 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Sep 26, 2024
    Sep 26, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-14.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-14.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-14.py310:latest
    2.14 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 26, 2024
    Sep 26, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-14.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-14.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-14.py310:latest
    2.13 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Jul 5, 2024
    Jul 5, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-13.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-13.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-13.py310:latest
    2.13 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Jul 5, 2024
    Jul 5, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-13.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-13.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-13.py310:latest
    2.12 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Jun 30, 2024
    Jun 30, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-12.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-12.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-12.py310:latest
    2.12 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Jun 30, 2024
    Jun 30, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-12.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-12.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-12.py310:latest
    2.12 (Python 3.8)
    TPU only
    Jun 30, 2024
    Jun 30, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-12:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-12:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-12:latest
    2.11 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11.py310:latest
    2.11 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11.py310:latest
    2.11 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11:latest
    2.11 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11:latest
    2.9 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
    2.9 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9.py310:latest
    2.9 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9:latest
    2.9 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9:latest
    2.8 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8.py310:latest
    2.8 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8.py310:latest
    2.8 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8:latest
    2.8 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8:latest
    2.7 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-7:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-7:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-7:latest
    2.7 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-7:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-7:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-7:latest
    2.6 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-6:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-6:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-6:latest
    2.6 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-6:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-6:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-6:latest
    2.5 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-5:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-5:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-5:latest
    2.5 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-5:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-5:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-5:latest
    2.4 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-4:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-4:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-4:latest
    2.4 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-4:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-4:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-4:latest
    2.3 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-3:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-3:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-3:latest
    2.3 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-3:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-3:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-3:latest
    2.2 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-2:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-2:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-2:latest
    2.2 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-2:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-2:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-2:latest
    2.1 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-1:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-1:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-1:latest
    2.1 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-1:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-1:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-1:latest
    1.15 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.1-15:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.1-15:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.1-15:latest
    1.15 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.1-15:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.1-15:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.1-15:latest

    PyTorch

    ML framework version
    Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable)
    End of patch and support date
    End of availability
    Supported images
    2.4 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Jul 24, 2025
    Jul 24, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-4.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-4.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-4.py310:latest
    2.4 (Python 3.10)
    GPU only (CUDA 12.x)
    Jul 24, 2025
    Jul 24, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-4.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-4.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-4.py310:latest
    2.3 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Apr 24, 2025
    Apr 24, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-3.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-3.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-3.py310:latest
    2.3 (Python 3.10)
    GPU only (CUDA 12.x)
    Apr 24, 2025
    Apr 24, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-3.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-3.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-3.py310:latest
    2.2 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Jan 30, 2025
    Oct 23, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-2.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-2.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-2.py310:latest
    2.2 (Python 3.10)
    GPU only (CUDA 12.x)
    Jan 30, 2025
    Jan 30, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-2.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-2.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-2.py310:latest
    2.2 (Python 3.10)
    TPU only
    Nov 6, 2024
    Nov 6, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-2.cp310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-2.cp310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-2.cp310:latest
    2.1 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Oct 4, 2024
    Oct 4, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-1.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-1.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-1.py310:latest
    2.1 (Python 3.10)
    GPU only (CUDA 12.x)
    Oct 4, 2024
    Oct 4, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-1.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-1.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-1.py310:latest
    2.1 (Python 3.8)
    TPU only
    Oct 23, 2024
    Oct 23, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-1.cp310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-1.cp310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-1.cp310:latest
    2.0 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Mar 15, 2024
    Mar 15, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-0.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-0.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-0.py310:latest
    2.0 (Python 3.10)
    GPU only (CUDA 11.x)
    Mar 15, 2024
    Mar 15, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-0.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-0.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-0.py310:latest
    2.0 (Python 3.8)
    TPU only
    May 15, 2024
    May 15, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-0:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-0:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-0:latest
    1.13 (Python 3.10)
    CPU or GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    May 15, 2024
    May 15, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13.py310:latest
    1.13 (Python 3.7)
    CPU or GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Dec 8, 2023
    Dec 8, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13:latest
    1.12 (Python 3.10)
    CPU or GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    May 15, 2024
    May 15, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12.py310:latest
    1.12 (Python 3.7)
    CPU or GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12:latest
    1.11 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-11:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-11:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-11:latest
    1.11 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-11:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-11:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-11:latest
    1.10 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-10:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-10:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-10:latest
    1.10 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-10:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-10:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-10:latest
    1.9 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-9:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-9:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-9:latest
    1.9 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-9:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-9:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-9:latest
    1.7 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-7:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-7:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-7:latest
    1.7 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-7:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-7:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-7:latest
    1.6 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-6:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-6:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-6:latest
    1.6 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-6:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-6:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-6:latest
    1.4 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-cpu.1-4:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-cpu.1-4:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-cpu.1-4:latest
    1.4 (Python 3.7)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-4:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-4:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-4:latest

    scikit-learn

    ML framework version
    Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable)
    End of patch and support date
    End of availability
    Supported images
    1.6 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Jul 11, 2025
    Jul 11, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-cpu.1-6:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-cpu.1-6:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-cpu.1-6:latest
    1.6 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Jul 11, 2025
    Jul 11, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-gpu.1-6:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-gpu.1-6:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-gpu.1-6:latest
    1.0 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    June 30, 2024
    June 30, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-cpu.1-0:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-cpu.1-0:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-cpu.1-0:latest
    1.0 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    June 30, 2024
    June 30, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-gpu.1-0:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-gpu.1-0:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-gpu.1-0:latest
    0.23 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Sep 1, 2023
    Sep 1, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/scikit-learn-cpu.0-23:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/scikit-learn-cpu.0-23:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/scikit-learn-cpu.0-23:latest

    XGBoost

    ML framework version
    Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable)
    End of patch and support date
    End of availability
    Supported images
    2.1 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Jul 11, 2025
    Jul 11, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.2-1:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.2-1:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.2-1:latest
    2.1 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Jul 11, 2025
    Jul 11, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-gpu.2-1:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-gpu.2-1:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-gpu.2-1:latest
    1.6 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    June 30, 2024
    June 30, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-6:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-6:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-6:latest
    1.6 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    June 30, 2024
    June 30, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-gpu.1-6:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-gpu.1-6:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-gpu.1-6:latest
    1.1 (Python 3.7)
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-1:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-1:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-1:latest

    Supported frameworks for predictions and explanations

    Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform uses container images to configure cloud resources to service your prediction requests. The following versions are supported for prebuilt containers for predictions and explanations :

    TensorFlow

    Available TensorFlow container images (Click to expand)

    ML framework version
    Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable)
    End of patch and support date
    End of availability
    Supported images
    2.15
    CPU only
    July 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-15:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-15:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-15:latest
    2.15
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    July 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-15:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-15:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-15:latest
    2.14
    CPU only
    Jan 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-14:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-14:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-14:latest
    2.14
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Jan 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-14:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-14:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-14:latest
    2.13
    CPU only
    Nov 28, 2024
    Nov 28, 2025
    2.13
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Nov 28, 2024
    Nov 28, 2025
    2.12
    CPU only
    June 30, 2024
    June 30, 2025
    2.12
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    June 30, 2024
    June 30, 2025
    2.11
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.11
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.10
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.10
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.9
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.9
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.8
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.8
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.7
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.7
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.6
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.6
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.5
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.5
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.4
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.4
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.3
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.3
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.2
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.2
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.1
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.1
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    1.15
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    1.15
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024

    Optimized TensorFlow runtime

    The following container images use the optimized TensorFlow runtime. For more information, see Use the optimized TensorFlow runtime .

    Available optimized TensorFlow runtime container images (Click to expand)

    ML framework version
    Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable)
    End of patch and support date
    End of availability
    Supported images
    nightly
    CPU only
    Not applicable
    Not applicable
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.nightly:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.nightly:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.nightly:latest
    nightly
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Not applicable
    Not applicable
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.nightly:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.nightly:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.nightly:latest
    nightly
    Cloud TPU
    Not applicable
    Not applicable
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.nightly:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.nightly:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.nightly:latest
    2.17
    CPU only
    Jul 11, 2024
    Jul 11, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-17:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-17:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-17:latest
    2.17
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Jul 11, 2024
    Jul 11, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-17:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-17:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-17:latest
    2.17
    Cloud TPU
    Jul 11, 2024
    Jul 11, 2025
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.2-17:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.2-17:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.2-17:latest
    2.16
    CPU only
    Apr 26, 2024
    Apr 26, 2025
    2.16
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Apr 26, 2024
    Apr 26, 2025
    2.16
    Cloud TPU
    Apr 26, 2024
    Apr 26, 2025
    2.15
    CPU only
    Aug 15, 2024
    Aug 15, 2025
    2.15
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Aug 15, 2024
    Aug 15, 2025
    2.15
    Cloud TPU
    Aug 15, 2024
    Aug 15, 2025
    2.14
    CPU only
    Aug 15, 2024
    Aug 15, 2025
    2.14
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Aug 15, 2024
    Aug 15, 2025
    2.13
    CPU only
    Aug 15, 2024
    Aug 15, 2025
    2.13
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Aug 15, 2024
    Aug 15, 2025
    2.12
    CPU only
    May 15, 2024
    May 15, 2025
    2.12
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    May 15, 2024
    May 15, 2025
    2.11
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.11
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.10
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.10
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.9
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.9
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.8
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    2.8
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024

    PyTorch

    Available PyTorch container images (Click to expand)

    ML framework version
    Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable)
    End of patch and support date
    End of availability
    Supported images
    2.4 (Python 3.9)
    CPU only
    July 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-4:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-4:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-4:latest
    2.4 (Python 3.9)
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    July 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-4:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-4:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-4:latest
    2.4 (Python 3.9)
    Cloud TPU
    July 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-4:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-4:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-4:latest
    2.3 (Python 3.9)
    CPU only
    Jan 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-3:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-3:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-3:latest
    2.3 (Python 3.9)
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Jan 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-3:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-3:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-3:latest
    2.3 (Python 3.9)
    Cloud TPU
    Jan 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-3:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-3:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-3:latest
    2.2 (Python 3.9)
    CPU only
    Jan 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-2:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-2:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-2:latest
    2.2 (Python 3.9)
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Jan 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-2:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-2:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-2:latest
    2.2 (Python 3.9)
    Cloud TPU
    Jan 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-2:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-2:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-2:latest
    2.1 (Python 3.9)
    CPU only
    Dec 01, 2024
    Dec 01, 2025
    2.1 (Python 3.9)
    GPU (CUDA 12.x)
    Dec 01, 2024
    Dec 01, 2025
    2.1 (Python 3.9)
    Cloud TPU
    Dec 01, 2024
    Dec 01, 2025
    2.0 (Python 3.9)
    CPU only
    Jul 27, 2024
    Jul 27, 2025
    2.0 (Python 3.9)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Jul 27, 2024
    Jul 27, 2025
    1.13 (Python 3.8)
    CPU only
    May 15, 2024
    May 15, 2025
    1.13 (Python 3.8)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    May 15, 2024
    May 15, 2025
    1.12
    CPU only
    May 15, 2024
    May 15, 2025
    1.12
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    May 15, 2024
    May 15, 2025
    1.11
    CPU only
    May 15, 2024
    May 15, 2025
    1.11
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    May 15, 2024
    May 15, 2025

    scikit-learn

    Available scikit-learn container images (Click to expand)

    ML framework version
    Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable)
    End of patch and support date
    End of availability
    Supported images
    1.6 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Oct 14, 2026
    Oct 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-6:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-6:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-6:latest
    1.5 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    July 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-5:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-5:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-5:latest
    1.4 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Jan 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-4:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-4:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-4:latest
    1.3 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Nov 28, 2024
    Nov 28, 2025
    1.2 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    June 30, 2024
    June 30, 2025
    1.0
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    0.24
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    0.23
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    0.22
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    0.20
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024

    XGBoost

    Available XGBoost container images (Click to expand)

    ML framework version
    Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable)
    End of patch and support date
    End of availability
    Supported images
    2.1 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    July 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.2-1:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.2-1:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.2-1:latest
    2.0 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Jan 14, 2026
    Jan 14, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.2-0:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.2-0:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.2-0:latest
    1.7 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    June 30, 2024
    Dec 30, 2025
    1.6
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    1.5
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    1.4
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    1.3
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    1.2
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    1.1
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    0.90
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024
    0.82
    CPU only
    Nov 15, 2023
    Nov 15, 2024

    Supported versions of Ray on Vertex AI

    Ray on Vertex AI container images are available. The following versions of prebuilt containers are supported:

    Ray version
    Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable)
    End of patch and support date
    End of availability
    Supported images
    2.47.1 (Python 3.11)
    CPU only
    Jul 28, 2026
    Jul 28, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-47.py311:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-47.py311:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-47.py311:latest
    2.47.1 (Python 3.11)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Jul 28, 2026
    Jul 28, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-47.py311:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-47.py311:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-47.py311:latest
    2.42.0 (Python 3.11)
    CPU only
    Mar 1, 2026
    Mar 1, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-42.py311:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-42.py311:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-42.py311:latest
    2.42.0 (Python 3.11)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Mar 1, 2026
    Mar 1, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-42.py311:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-42.py311:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-42.py311:latest
    2.42.0 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    Mar 1, 2026
    Mar 1, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-42.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-42.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-42.py310:latest
    2.42.0 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    Mar 1, 2026
    Mar 1, 2027
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-42.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-42.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-42.py310:latest
    2.33.0 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    September 16, 2025
    September 16, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-33.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-33.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-33.py310:latest
    2.33.0 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    September 16, 2025
    September 16, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-33.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-33.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-33.py310:latest
    2.9.3 (Python 3.10)
    CPU only
    May 7, 2025
    May 7, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
    2.9.3 (Python 3.10)
    GPU (CUDA 11.x)
    May 7, 2025
    May 7, 2026
    • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-9.py310:latest
    • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-9.py310:latest
    • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-9.py310:latest

    Supported frameworks for pipelines

    Agent Platform Pipelines supports the following ML framework SDK versions:

    Since these frameworks are periodically updated to patch bugs and vulnerabilities, it's recommended that you always use the latest patch version and stay within the end of support date. Customer support is not provided if a version is beyond the end of support date. For more information, see Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform framework support policy .

    In general, follow these guidelines while using pipeline templates:

    • Stay up-to-date with the latest patch version of the ML framework.

    • Upgrade new and existing pipeline templates to the latest minor version of the ML framework at least once every 12 months.

    • When a new major version of an ML framework is made available, migrate new and existing pipeline templates to the new major version within 24 months.

    Kubeflow Pipelines SDK

    KFP is the most commonly used framework for authoring and orchestrating pipelines in Agent Platform Pipelines. Agent Platform Pipelines can execute pipeline definitions compiled using KFP into the pipeline_spec Intermediate Representation (IR YAML format) v2.0 or later.

    Agent Platform Pipelines supports the following versions of the KFP SDK:

    Framework Release date End of support date
    KFP SDK 2
    		Jun 20, 2023 Not applicable
    KFP SDK 1.8
    		Sep 3, 2021 Dec 20, 2024

    The latest version of the KFP SDK will drop support for end-of-life Python versions on the day they are declared end-of-life. The only exception to this is Python 3.7, for which support will be dropped on April 23, 2024.

    TensorFlow Extended (TFX) SDK

    TensorFlow releases a new minor version of the TensorFlow Extended (TFX) SDK about every quarter. You can still run pipelines compiled from earlier versions of the SDK, but only the latest minor version of the SDK receives patches. Therefore, we recommend you keep up-to-date with the latest minor version.

    Framework Release date End of support date
    TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.15
    		April 29, 2024 April 29, 2025
    TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.14
    		September 6, 2023 September 6, 2024
    TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.13
    		May 3, 2023 May 3, 2024
    TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.12
    		Dec 19, 2022 Dec 19, 2023
    TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.11
    		Nov 23, 2022 Nov 23, 2023
    TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.10
    		Oct 4, 2022 Oct 4, 2023
    TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.9
    		Jul 15, 2022 Jul 15, 2023
    TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.8
    		May 25, 2022 May 25, 2023

    Google Cloud Pipeline Components

    Agent Platform Pipelines publishes and regularly patches the following Python packages and container images to assist in KFP definitions :

    Framework Release date End of patch and support date End of availability date Supported images
    Google Cloud Pipeline Components 2
    		Jun 20, 2023 Not applicable Not applicable gcr.io/ml-pipeline/google-cloud-pipeline-components:latest
    Google Cloud Pipeline Components 1
    		Feb 25, 2022 Dec 20, 2024 Jun 20, 2025 gcr.io/ml-pipeline/google-cloud-pipeline-components:1.0.*

    The latest version of the Google Cloud Pipeline Components SDK will drop support for end-of-life Python versions on the day they are declared end-of-life. The only exception to this is Python 3.7, for which support will be dropped on April 23, 2024.

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