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    System insights metrics reference

    The following table describes the metrics charts that can be viewed on the AlloyDB System insights dashboard and in the Metrics Explorer. The metric type strings must be prefixed with alloydb.googleapis.com/ . For example, alloydb.googleapis.com/Instance .

    Metrics are either available in BETA or GA Launch stages . For more information about the launch stage of the metric, see AlloyDB metrics .

    Display name and metric name
    Description
    Cluster metric
    Instance metric
    Read pool metric
    Node metric
    Rows in database by state
    database/postgresql/tuples

    The number of live and dead rows in the instance. Only available for instances with the number of databases less than 50.

    Yes
    Yes
    No
    No

    Query latency

    • database/postgresql/insights/aggregate/latencies
    • node/database/postgresql/insights/aggregate/latencies

    The aggregated P99 query latency distribution for each instance or node. Only available for instances with Query Insights enabled.

    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Database load

    • database/postgresql/insights/aggregate/execution_time
    • node/database/postgresql/insights/aggregate/execution_time
    The accumulated query execution time for each instance or node since the last sample. This is the sum of CPU time, IO wait time, lock wait time, process context switch, and scheduling for all the processes involved in the query execution. Only available for instances with Query Insights enabled.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Max CPU utilization
    instance/cpu/maximum_utilization
    The maximum CPU utilization calculated across all serving nodes of the instance, represented as a percentage for each instance.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    No
    Mean CPU utilization
    instance/cpu/average_utilization
    The mean CPU utilization calculated as an average across all serving nodes of the instance, represented as a percentage for each instance.
    Yes
    No
    Yes
    No

    Available memory

    • instance/memory/min_available_memory
    • node/memory/available_memory
    The minimum available memory across all serving nodes of the instance or for an individual node. The available memory is an estimate of memory in bytes available for allocation on the VM including memory that is used, but can be potentially freed.

    Beginning with PostgreSQL 17, the available memory metric more accurately reflects the available memory to AlloyDB by taking into consideration memory in the operating system page cache that is used but can't be freed. As a result, the available memory metric might be lower than metrics for AlloyDB clusters using PostgreSQL 16 and earlier.

    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Cluster storage
    cluster/storage/usage
    The billable storage that the AlloyDB cluster uses. It does not include the storage that automatic and on-demand backups use.
    Yes
    No
    No
    No

    Queries IO wait time

    • database/postgresql/insights/aggregate/io_time
    • node/database/postgresql/insights/aggregate/io_time
    The aggregated queries I/O wait time for each instance or node. Only available for instances with Query Insights enabled.
    Yes
    Yes
    No
    Yes
    Number of connections
    instance/postgresql/backends_by_state
    The number of connections to each instance across all serving nodes of the instance. This includes connections in all states such as idle , active , idle_in_transaction , idle_in_transaction_aborted , disabled , and fastpath_function_call .
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    No

    Number of tuples written

    • instance/postgresql/written_tuples_count
    • node/postgres/written_tuples_count
    The number of rows written while processing the queries in the instance or node since the last sample.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Rows processed by operation
    • database/postgresql/
      inserted_tuples_count_for_top_databases
    • database/postgresql/
      updated_tuples_count_for_top_databases
    • database/postgresql/
      deleted_tuples_count_for_top_databases
    The number of rows processed in the primary instance per operation such as insert , update , or delete . Only available for instances with the number of databases less than 5000.
    Yes
    No
    No
    No
    Oldest transaction age
    postgresql/vacuum/oldest_transaction_age
    The current age of the oldest uncommitted transaction for each instance that is blocking the vacuum operation. It's measured in the number of transactions that started after the oldest transaction.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    No
    Transaction ID utilization
    postgresql/vacuum/
    transaction_id_utilization
    The current percentage of transaction ID space that's consumed by each instance. It records up to a maximum of two billion unvacuumed transactions as a percentage.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    No
    Wait time
    instance/postgresql/wait_time
    The aggregated accumulated elapsed wait time per wait event name and wait event type across the cluster, instance, or across all serving nodes of the read pool instance.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    No
    Wait count
    instance/postgresql/wait_count
    The number of times processes waited per wait event name and wait event type across the cluster, instance, or across all serving nodes of the read pool instance.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    No

    Temp data size used

    • instance/postgresql/temp_bytes_written_count
    • node/postgres/temp_bytes_written_count
    The amount of data (bytes) used in each instance for executing queries and performing algorithms such as join and sort . Only available for instances with the number of databases less than 5000.
    Yes
    No
    No
    Yes

    Temporary files used for writing data

    • instance/postgresql/temp_files_written_count
    • node/postgres/temp_files_written_count
    The number of temporary files that are used in each instance or node for executing queries and performing algorithms such as join and sort .
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Number of new connections added to the instance

    • instance/postgresql/new_connections_count
    • node/postgres/new_connections_count
    The total number of new connections added to the instance or node.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Statements executed count
    database/postgresql/statements_executed_count
    The number of statements that are executed in each instance. Only available for instances with Query Insights enabled.
    Yes
    Yes
    No
    No

    Transaction count

    • instance/postgres/transaction_count
    • node/postgres/transaction_count
    The number of committed and rolled back transactions across all serving nodes of the instance or an individual node.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Transaction count per database

    • database/postgresql/committed_transactions_for_top_databases
    • database/postgresql/rolledback_transactions_for_top_databases

    • node/database/postgresql/committed_transactions_for_top_databases
    • node/database/postgresql/rolledback_transactions_for_top_databases
    The number of committed and rolled-back transactions that have occurred for an instance, individual node, or for each database in the top 500 databases.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Blocks hit

    • instance/postgresql/blks_hit
    • node/postgres/blks_hit
    The number of times Postgres found the requested block in the buffer cache.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Blocks miss

    • instance/postgresql/blks_read
    • node/postgres/blks_read
    The total number of blocks read by Postgres that were not in the buffer cache.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Block read count per database

    • database/postgresql/blks_read_for_top_databases
    • database/postgresql/blks_hit_for_top_databases

    • node/database/postgresql/blks_read_for_top_databases
    • node/database/postgresql/blks_hit_for_top_databases
    The number of blocks read from the disk and from the buffer cache for an instance and node for each database in the top 500 databases.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Deadlock count

    • instance/postgresql/deadlock_count
    • node/postgres/deadlock_count
    The number of deadlocks detected in each instance or node.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Read pool replication lag
    instance/postgres/replication/maximum_lag
    The maximum time taken for replication from a primary instance to a read pool. The time lag is calculated across all serving read pool nodes per read pool instance in the cluster.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    No
    Active nodes
    instance/postgres/instances
    The number of nodes that can serve user traffic.
    Yes
    No
    Yes
    No

    Connections per database

    • database/postgresql/backends_for_top_databases
    • node/database/postgresql/backends_for_top_databases
    The number of connections to the instance or node for each database.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Number of connections per application

    • instance/postgresql/backends_for_top_applications
    • node/postgres/backends_for_top_applications
    The number of connections to the instance or node, grouped by applications. Connections without an application name are grouped as Unknown .
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Number of tuples deleted

    • instance/postgresql/deleted_tuples_count
    • node/postgres/deleted_tuples_count
    The number of rows deleted while processing the queries in the instance or node since the last sample.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Number of tuples fetched

    • instance/postgresql/fetched_tuples_count
    • node/postgres/fetched_tuples_count
    The number of rows fetched while processing the queries in the instance or node since the last sample.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Rows fetched vs rows returned per database

    • database/postgresql/fetched_tuples_count_for_top_databases
    • database/postgresql/returned_tuples_count_for_top_databases

    • node/database/postgresql/fetched_tuples_count_for_top_databases
    • node/database/postgresql/returned_tuples_count_for_top_databases
    The number of rows fetched and returned while processing queries for an instance and individual nodes, for each database in the top 500 databases.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Number of tuples inserted

    • instance/postgresql/inserted_tuples_count
    • node/postgres/inserted_tuples_count
    The number of rows inserted while processing the queries in the instance or node since the last sample.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Number of tuples scanned

    • instance/postgresql/returned_tuples_count
    • node/postgres/returned_tuples_count
    The number of rows scanned while processing the queries in the instance or node since the last sample.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Number of tuples updated

    • instance/postgresql/updated_tuples_count
    • node/postgres/updated_tuples_count
    The number of rows updated while processing the queries in the instance or node since the last sample.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Temp data size used per database

    • database/postgresql/temp_bytes_written_for_top_databases
    • node/database/postgresql/temp_bytes_written_for_top_databases
    The total amount of data (in bytes) written to temporary files by the queries executed in each database.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Temp files used per database

    • database/postgresql/temp_files_written_for_top_databases
    • node/database/postgresql/temp_files_written_for_top_databases
    The number of temporary files that are used in each database for executing queries and performing algorithms such as join and sort .
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    New connection count per database

    • database/postgresql/new_connections_
      for_top_databases
    • node/database/postgresql/new_connections_for_top_databases
    The number of new connections that are added to the instance per database, or the total number of new connections added to the node for each database in the top 500 databases.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Deadlock count per database

    • database/postgresql/deadlock_count_for_top_databases
    • node/database/postgresql/deadlock_count_for_top_databases
    The number of deadlocks in the instance per database, or the total number of deadlocks detected in the node for each database in the top 500 databases.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Nodes and replication status
    instance/postgres/replication/replicas
    The number of read nodes connected to the primary instance per read pool along with one of the following states: startup , catchup , streaming , backup , and stopping .
    No
    No
    Yes
    No
    Ultra Fast Cache hit rate per instance
    instance/postgres/ultrafastcache_hitrate
    The hit rate of the AlloyDB ultra-fast cache across all the nodes in an instance.

    A zero value indicates either no workload being run or the traffic being served from the buffer cache or the storage layer.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    No
    Ultra Fast Cache hit rate per node
    node/postgres/ultrafastcache_hitrate
    The hit rate of the AlloyDB ultra-fast cache per node.

    A zero value indicates either no workload being run or the traffic being served from the buffer cache or the storage layer.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Node CPU usage
    node/cpu/usage_time
    The rate of CPU utilization in the node, which is sampled every 60 seconds. After sampling, data is not visible for up to 180 seconds.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Node replication lag
    node/postgres/replay_lag
    The lag in milliseconds for the individual node, derived from replay_lag in pg_stat_replication . This metric is sampled every 60 seconds. After sampling, data is not visible for up to 180 seconds.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Node database availability
    node/postgres/uptime
    The rate of database availability in the node, which sampled every 60 seconds. After sampling, data is not visible for up to 180 seconds.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Number of connections to the node per connection state
    node/postgres/backends_by_state
    The number of connections to the node grouped by the status: idle , active , idle_in_transaction , idle_in_transaction_aborted , disabled , and fastpath_function_call .

    For information about these statuses, see the state text row in the pg_stat_activity documentation .
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Total connections per node
    node/postgres/backends
    The total number of connections across all databases in the node.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Node Wait count
    node/postgres/wait_count
    Total number of times processes waited for each wait event type and wait event name per node.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Node Wait time
    node/postgres/wait_time
    Total elapsed wait time (microseconds) for each wait event type and wait event name per node.
    No
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Limit on connections per node

    • instance/postgres/connections_limit
    • node/postgres/connections_limit
    The current limit on the number of connections per node of the instance or for an individual node.
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes

    Additionally, the Cloud Logging metric, Log entries by severity ( logging.googleapis.com/log_entry_count ), shows the total numbers of error and warning log entries per instance. These are extracted from postgres.log , which is the database log, and pgaudit.log , which contains data access information.

    For more information, see AlloyDB metrics .
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