No, these directive can´t set the cache-control header, so you can´t view it.
As far as loading a file from disk there is no cache-control header so pagespeed stores the optimized resource in their cache forthe default, 5min,
pass this time, resource need to be optimized again.
This directive tell pagespeed to store the optimized resource in the pagespeed cache the amount of time you set.
Have you any ExpiresDefault config in the apache server?
How these files are loaded?
Maybe these DOM node is created by javascript?
From where are you loading the image? I will say, are you fechting the image from the nginx server or directly from the apache server?
Maybe is there a Directory config for this folder?
Can you try the debug parameter?
this put debug messases as html comments in the html code.
then in the html code find the image and see what the message is