GRAMMER
接続詞
《TIME》
after :節(SV)・名詞・動名詞(-ing)
After I graduated from my university,I started working as a pharmacist.（コンマ必要。もしかしたら関係代名詞と勘違いする人いるかもしれないから。）
=I started working as a pharmacist after I graduated from my university.(afterの前にコンマ不要。afterで文が切れることが明確だから。)
=After graduating from my university,I started working as a pharmacist.
=I started working as a pharmacist after graduating from my university.
=After graduation from my university,I started working as a pharmacist.
=I started working as a pharmacist after graduation from my university.
=After I had graduated from my university,I started working as a pharmacist.
(after を使っている時点で卒業と仕事を始めたのとどっちが先に起こったか明らかにわかるのでhad省略可。)
=I started working as a pharmacist after I had graduated from my university.
大学卒業後、薬剤師として働き始めました。
↑全部同じ意味＾＾
★応用★
私が日本に帰ったあと、彼は私にプロポーズするでしょう。
After I go back to Japan, he will propose to me.
=He will propose to me after I go back to Japan.
=After my going back to Japan,he will propose to me.
=He will propose to me after my going back to Japan.
(下の二つはあんまり聞かないけど文法的には間違ってないはず。)
×After I will go back to Japan, he will propose to me.
(文を修飾する接続詞の後の文は、実際未来に起こることでも現在形にする。)
×After going back to Japan, he will propose to me.
(これだと彼が日本に帰った後、の意味になっちゃう。)
before :節・名詞・動名詞
Before I came to Toronto,I lived in Tokyo.
=I lived in Tokyo before I came to Toronto.
=Before coming to Toronto,I lived in Tokyo.
=I lived in Tokyo before coming to Toronto.
=Before I came to Toronto,I had lived in Tokyo.
(beforeを使っている時点で、どっちが昔かわかるので、had省略可だけど。afterとは違って接続詞がない方の分にhadをつける。だってbeforeだもん)
=I had lived in Tokyo before I came to Toronto.
トロントに来る前は東京に住んでいました。
↑全部同じ意味。comeの名詞形も動名詞形もcomingなのでこの場合例文は少ないですが。
until:節・名詞・動名詞
考え方はafterやbeforeと同じ。
while :節・動名詞
While I was a student,I used to play softball.
=I used to play softball while I was a student.
=While being a student,I used to play softball.
=I used to play softball while being a student.
学生の間、よくソフトボールしたものだ。
★during と while★
During + 名詞
ex)
○During this summer vacation，（夏休み期間中、）
×During being a student， (ingXingウザいし。)
×During I was a student， (後ろに文章は来ない。)
While + 節or動名詞
ex)
×While this summer vacation，(後ろに名詞は来ない。)
I am poor, while he is rich.
=While he is rich,I am poor.
私は貧乏だけど、（それに対して）彼はお金持ち。
★while と whereas
この場合対比で使っているので、whereasとスイッチ可。
as soon as:節・動名詞
when/as:節
since:節
whenever:節
by the time (that):節
every time (that):節
the first time(that):節
the next time(that):節
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