The Kalash community dates to the time of Alexander the Great カラーシュ谷の人々は、アレキサンダー大王の時代を思わせる。
"In the past we used to learn from elders and have no written history or learning," says Luke Rehmat, a member of the dwindling 3,000-strong Kalash community nestled in the mountains of the Hindu Kush in northern Pakistan. " "We want to preserve our culture, but it is also very necessary to get a good education for all, including women." Until recently, the lifestyle of the Kalash had changed little since the community was established, according to their oral history, by settlers from Alexander the Great's armies in 377 BC. But only a small number of the original population has resisted persistent efforts to convert them to Islam by neighbouring Muslim populations who historically labelled them Kafirs (non-believers). Luke Rehmat's Christian and Muslim names are a testimony to those outside influences. As transport and mass communications end the isolation of this tiny mountain population, the Kalash face new challenges to the survival of their way of life. Tourism, trade and development projects are bringing rapid change to this fragile culture.
Often, the pace of change has been too fast to come with the whole community's understanding and consent. Many fear that without urgent intervention the Kalash language, religion and lifestyle may be lost altogether. The Kalash have a rich faith. They believe in a supreme creator God, Khodai, and worship other deities who protect different aspects of life. As animists, nature plays a highly spiritual role in daily life. Sacrifices are offered and festivals held to give thanks for the abundant resources of their three lush valleys. But now, change is under way. Already, the self-sufficient farmers are moving towards a cash-based economy. Previously, wealth was measured in livestock and crops. Failed or successful harvests affected the whole community together.
Non-believers' struggle with change Glass case? ガラス・ケースに?
Kalash braids and beads are a big tourist draw. カラーシュ人のお下げ髪とビーズ装飾は観光の目玉。
The strongest influence the next generation faces may well be tourism. Women still wear long, embroidered dresses tied with colorful hand-woven belts and topped with ornate headdresses.
These ancient costumes are so striking that they have become a major attraction for amateur photographers. At the spring festival of Joshi, one of the holiest in the calendar, locals watched perplexed as dozens of Pakistani tourists took pictures of European women dressed up as Kalash.
"One way to preserve the culture is to put the Kalash in a glass case and have no one enter inside," says one of members who established the Greek Volunteers NGO in the Bumburat valley.
"The other way - and the Kalash taught me this - is with education." Kalash Parents are now asking for more schools. 'We are uneducated, but we believe that only through the education of our children will we protect our ethnic and religious identity'," they say. もう一つの方法は、教育です。 カラーシュ人の親達は、もっと学校を望んでいます。 「私達は教育をうけていませんが、私達の子ども達が教育を受けることによってのみ、我々の民族の独自性、宗教の独自性を守ることが出来ると信じています。」と彼らは言います。
Kalash schools encourage education particularly among girls. カラーシュ人学校では、特に女児の教育に力を入れています。