1865年、General Gordon GrangerがGalveston,Texasに来た際、ここでは奴隷解放が実施されていないとわかると、彼は6月19日に゛The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. the involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes the between employer and hired labor. The freedem are advised to remain quietly at their present homes and work for wages, They are informed that they will not be allowed to collect at military posts and they will not be supported in idleness either there or elsewhere."と宣言した。