使役構文
Shibatani(1976)の定義が一般的。
a.The relation between the two events is such that the speaker believes that the occurrence of one event, the 'caused event', has been realized at t2, which is after t1, the time of the 'causing event'.
b.The relation between the causing and the caused events is such that the speaker believes that the occurrence of the caused event is wholly dependent on the occurrence of the causing event; the dependency of the two events must be to the extent that it allows the speaker to entertain a counter-factual inference that the caused event would not have taken place at that particular time if the causing event had not taken place at that particular time if the causing event had not taken place, provided that all else had remained the same.
このような、因果関係にあると話者が確信している二つの事象を指示した言語表現が「使役構文」であるという。すると、killやopenといった他動詞も、「死に至らしめる」、「開いた状態にさせる」という使役構文の一種である。
通言語的には、直接/間接使役の意味的パラメータ、語彙･形態・統語的な形式的パラメータが知られている。
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