UPDATE (5/20/26 @ 7:30am AZ time):
The GCU Library's updated version of LopeCat, the library’s online catalog, is live! For more details on what has changed, visit the What's New Guide .
- Grand Canyon University Library
- Research Guides
- Course Guides
- HCA-675 Health Care Innovation
- Interview Resources
HCA-675 Health Care Innovation
Conducting Interviews
- Interview Techniques This link opens in a new windowThis video covers everything you need to know to get the most out of interviewing subjects.
- 10 Essential Interviewing Skills This link opens in a new windowWe conduct interviews for many purposes, including recruitment and market research. This focused program outlines the ten skills essential to achieving your goals when conducting an interview. The video helps viewers prepare logistics, determine structure and questions, build rapport, outline structure and process, encourage participation, establish facts, control the interview, listen actively, make judgments, and wrap up.
- Useful Techniques for Interviewing Someone This link opens in a new windowFrom Nonprofit Communications Report, tips on how to get the most out of interviews.
Citing Interviews in APA
Interviews & Personal Communication
Interviews you conduct and other communication you receive that other people would not be able to locate are cited with in-text citations only. This applies only to interviews and communications that are not recorded in a publicly available way.
Like author names, APA requires first names of interviewees or speakers be reduced to initials, which are included in the in-text citations since there is no reference list entry.
Remember that you are not including the interview as a transcript in the body of the paper. You will summarize, interpret and incorporate the interview along with additional information into the paper.
Like other in-text citations, the citation can appear at the end of the sentence, or you can work it into the sentence.
Format:
(A. A. Interviewee last name, personal communication, Month Day, Year)
Examples:
End of Sentence:
(J. A. Doe, personal communication, September 12, 2014).
Incorporated Into Sentence When Paraphrasing:
In an interview, J. A. Doe (personal communication, September 12, 2014), stated that in her experience....
Incorporated Into Sentence With Direct Quote:
According to J. Doe (personal communication, December 1, 2018), "Electronic medical records have changed the medical world, and the technology is integral".
