Store Apt packages in Artifact Registry

This quickstart shows you how to set up a private Artifact Registry Apt repository, add a Debian package to the repository, and install the package on a Compute Engine VM running a Debian-based operating system.

To learn more about managing Debian packages, see Working with Debian packages .

Before you begin

Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

Roles required to select or create a project

Select a project : Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
Create a project : To create a project, you need the Project Creator role ( roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator ), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles .

Go to project selector

Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project .

Enable the Artifact Registry API.

Roles required to enable APIs

To enable APIs, you need the Service Usage Admin IAM role ( roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin ), which contains the serviceusage.services.enable permission. Learn how to grant roles .

Enable the API

In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

Roles required to select or create a project

Select a project : Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
Create a project : To create a project, you need the Project Creator role ( roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator ), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles .

Go to project selector

Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project .

Enable the Artifact Registry API.

Roles required to enable APIs

To enable APIs, you need the Service Usage Admin IAM role ( roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin ), which contains the serviceusage.services.enable permission. Learn how to grant roles .

Enable the API

Launch Cloud Shell

Cloud Shell comes preinstalled with the Google Cloud CLI . The gcloud CLI provides the primary command-line interface for Google Cloud.

Launch Cloud Shell:

Go to Google Cloud console.

Google Cloud console
In the Google Cloud console, click Activate Cloud Shell.

A Cloud Shell session opens inside a frame lower on the console. You'll use this shell to run the gcloud commands to create a VM and a repository.

Create a repository

Create the repository for your artifacts.

Create the repository:
Console
1. Open the Repositoriespage in the Google Cloud console.
  
  Open the Repositories page
2. Click Create Repository.
3. Specify quickstart-apt-repo as the repository name.
4. Select Aptas the format.
5. Under Location Type, select Regionand then choose the location us-west1 .
6. Click Create.
The repository is added to the repository list.
gcloud
1. In Cloud Shell, run the following command to create a new Apt repository in the current project named quickstart-apt-repo in the location us-west1 .
  gcloud artifacts repositories create quickstart-apt-repo \ --repository-format = apt \ --location = us-west1 \ --description = "Apt repository"
2. Run the following command to verify that your repository was created:
  gcloud artifacts repositories list

You can now add a package to the repository. Cloud Shell uses a Google-built Ubuntu image, not Debian. To manage Debian packages in the repository, you will use a VM that uses a Debian OS image.

Create a VM

Create a new Compute Engine VM where you'll install the sample package.

In Cloud Shell, run the following command to create a VM instance named quickstart-apt-vm :

 gcloud  
compute  
instances  
create  
quickstart-apt-vm  
 \ 
  
--image-family = 
debian-12  
 \ 
  
--image-project = 
debian-cloud  
 \ 
  
--scopes = 
cloud-platform

By default, the VM does not have the required access scopes for working with the repository. The --scopes flag sets the access scope for the VM to cloud-platform .

Go to the VM instances page.

Open the VM instances page
In the row with your VM, click SSH. A new window opens with a terminal session on the VM.

Add a package to the repository

You can upload a package to a repository using the Google Cloud CLI, or you can import a package that is stored in Cloud Storage. If you build packages using Cloud Build, the build can store the packages in Cloud Storage for you to import.

For this quickstart, you upload a sample file using the gcloud artifacts apt upload command.

Run gcloud init to initialize the Google Cloud CLI on your VM.
Update Apt:
```
 sudo  
apt  
update 
```
Download the curl package with the command:
```
 apt  
download  
curl 
```
Apt downloads the latest version of the package that is available from your configured Apt repositories.
```
 Get:1 file:/etc/apt/mirrors/debian.list Mirrorlist [30 B]
Get:2 https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 curl amd64 7.88.1-10+deb12u14 [316 kB]
Fetched 316 kB in 0s (3078 kB/s) 
```
Run ls to get the filename of the curl package. The filename is similar to curl_7.88.1-10+deb12u14_amd64.deb .
To simplify gcloud commands, set the default repository to quickstart-apt-repo and the default location to us-west1 . After the values are set, you don't need to specify them in gcloud commands that require a repository or a location.

To set the repository, run the command:
```
 gcloud  
config  
 set 
  
artifacts/repository  
quickstart-apt-repo 
```
To set the location, run the command:
```
 gcloud  
config  
 set 
  
artifacts/location  
us-west1 
```
For more information about these commands, see the gcloud config set documentation.
Run the gcloud artifacts apt upload to upload the package to the repository:
```
 gcloud  
artifacts  
apt  
upload  
quickstart-apt-repo  
 \ 
  
--source = 
 FILE_NAME 
 
```
Replace FILE_NAME with the path to the curl package.

View the package in the repository

Verify that your package was added to the repository.

Console

Open the Repositoriespage in the Google Cloud console.

Open the Repositories page
In the repository list, click the quickstart-apt-reporepository.

The Packagespage lists the packages in the repository.

gcloud

To list the packages in the quickstart-apt-repo repository, run the command:

   
 gcloud 
  
 artifacts 
  
 packages 
  
 list

To view versions for a package in quickstart-apt-repo , run the command:

 gcloud  
artifacts  
versions  
list  
--package = 
apt-dpkg-ref

Configure the package manager

To install a package on the VM, add the repository you created to the Apt configuration file that defines package repositories.

Install the Apt credential helper on the VM to enable Apt to perform authentication:
```
 sudo  
apt  
install  
apt-transport-artifact-registry 
```

Configure your VM to access Artifact Registry packages:

 echo 'deb ar+https://us-west1-apt.pkg.dev/projects/ PROJECT 
quickstart-apt-repo main' | sudo tee -a  /etc/apt/sources.list.d/artifact-registry.list

Replace PROJECT with your Google Cloud project ID .

Install the package

Install the package that you added to the repository.

Update the list of available packages:
```
 sudo  
apt  
update 
```

Install the package from your repository.

 sudo  
apt  
install  
curl/quickstart-apt-repo

The returned installation information looks like the following example:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Selected version '7.88.1-10+deb12u14' (quickstart-apt-repo:quickstart-apt-repo, Debian:12.12/oldstable [amd64]) for 'curl'
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libcurl3-gnutls libcurl4
The following packages will be upgraded:
  curl libcurl3-gnutls libcurl4
3 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 77 not upgraded.
Need to get 1093 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 file:/etc/apt/mirrors/debian.list Mirrorlist [30 B]
Get:2 https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 libcurl4 amd64 7.88.1-10+deb12u14 [392 kB]
Get:3 https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 libcurl3-gnutls amd64 7.88.1-10+deb12u14 [386 kB]
Get:4 ar+https:// us-west1 
-apt.pkg.dev/projects/ PROJECT 
quickstart-apt-repo/main amd64 curl amd64 7.88.1-10+deb12u14 [316 kB]
Fetched 1093 kB in 1s (947 kB/s)
Reading changelogs... Done
(Reading database ... 72080 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../curl_7.88.1-10+deb12u14_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking curl (7.88.1-10+deb12u14) over (7.88.1-10+deb12u12) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libcurl4_7.88.1-10+deb12u14_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libcurl4:amd64 (7.88.1-10+deb12u14) over (7.88.1-10+deb12u12) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libcurl3-gnutls_7.88.1-10+deb12u14_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libcurl3-gnutls:amd64 (7.88.1-10+deb12u14) over (7.88.1-10+deb12u12) ...
Setting up libcurl3-gnutls:amd64 (7.88.1-10+deb12u14) ...
Setting up libcurl4:amd64 (7.88.1-10+deb12u14) ...
Setting up curl (7.88.1-10+deb12u14) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.11.2-2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.36-9+deb12u10) ...

Clean up

To avoid incurring charges to your Google Cloud account for the resources used on this page, follow these steps.

Before you remove the repository, ensure that any packages you want to keep are available in another location.

To delete the repository:

Console

Open the Repositoriespage in the Google Cloud console.

Open the Repositories page
In the repository list, select the quickstart-apt-reporepository.
Click Delete.

gcloud

To delete the quickstart-apt-repo repository, run the following command:

 gcloud  
artifacts  
repositories  
delete  
quickstart-apt-repo

If you want to remove the default repository and location settings that you configured for the active gcloud configuration, run the following commands:
```
 gcloud  
config  
 unset 
  
artifacts/repository
gcloud  
config  
 unset 
  
artifacts/location 
```

To delete the VM you created, run the following command:

 gcloud  
compute  
instances  
delete  
quickstart-apt-vm

What's next

Learn about working with Deb packages .
Read about DevOps and explore the DevOps research program .