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    Functions (alphabetical)

    This topic contains all functions supported by GoogleSQL for BigQuery.

    Function list

    Name Summary
    ABS Computes the absolute value of X .
    ACOS Computes the inverse cosine of X .
    ACOSH Computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine of X .
    AEAD.DECRYPT_BYTES Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES ciphertext.
    AEAD.DECRYPT_STRING Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES ciphertext into a STRING plaintext.
    AEAD.ENCRYPT Encrypts STRING plaintext, using the primary cryptographic key in a keyset.
    ANY_VALUE Gets an expression for some row.
    APPENDS Returns all rows appended to a table for a given time range.
    APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT Gets the approximate result for COUNT(DISTINCT expression) .
    APPROX_QUANTILES Gets the approximate quantile boundaries.
    APPROX_TOP_COUNT Gets the approximate top elements and their approximate count.
    APPROX_TOP_SUM Gets the approximate top elements and sum, based on the approximate sum of an assigned weight.
    ARRAY Produces an array with one element for each row in a subquery.
    ARRAY_AGG Gets an array of values.
    ARRAY_CONCAT Concatenates one or more arrays with the same element type into a single array.
    ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG Concatenates arrays and returns a single array as a result.
    ARRAY_FIRST Gets the first element in an array.
    ARRAY_LAST Gets the last element in an array.
    ARRAY_LENGTH Gets the number of elements in an array.
    ARRAY_REVERSE Reverses the order of elements in an array.
    ARRAY_SLICE Produces an array containing zero or more consecutive elements from an input array.
    ARRAY_TO_STRING Produces a concatenation of the elements in an array as a STRING value.
    ASCII Gets the ASCII code for the first character or byte in a STRING or BYTES value.
    ASIN Computes the inverse sine of X .
    ASINH Computes the inverse hyperbolic sine of X .
    ATAN Computes the inverse tangent of X .
    ATAN2 Computes the inverse tangent of X/Y , using the signs of X and Y to determine the quadrant.
    ATANH Computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent of X .
    AVG Gets the average of non- NULL values.
    AVG (Differential Privacy) DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY -supported AVG .

    Gets the differentially-private average of non- NULL , non- NaN values in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY clause.
    BAG_OF_WORDS Gets the frequency of each term (token) in a tokenized document.
    BIT_AND Performs a bitwise AND operation on an expression.
    BIT_COUNT Gets the number of bits that are set in an input expression.
    BIT_OR Performs a bitwise OR operation on an expression.
    BIT_XOR Performs a bitwise XOR operation on an expression.
    BOOL Converts a JSON boolean to a SQL BOOL value.
    BYTE_LENGTH Gets the number of BYTES in a STRING or BYTES value.
    CAST Convert the results of an expression to the given type.
    CBRT Computes the cube root of X .
    CEIL Gets the smallest integral value that isn't less than X .
    CEILING Synonym of CEIL .
    CHANGES Returns all rows that have changed in a table for a given time range.
    CHAR_LENGTH Gets the number of characters in a STRING value.
    CHARACTER_LENGTH Synonym for CHAR_LENGTH .
    CHR Converts a Unicode code point to a character.
    CODE_POINTS_TO_BYTES Converts an array of extended ASCII code points to a BYTES value.
    CODE_POINTS_TO_STRING Converts an array of extended ASCII code points to a STRING value.
    COLLATE Combines a STRING value and a collation specification into a collation specification-supported STRING value.
    CONCAT Concatenates one or more STRING or BYTES values into a single result.
    CONTAINS_SUBSTR Performs a normalized, case-insensitive search to see if a value exists as a substring in an expression.
    CORR Computes the Pearson coefficient of correlation of a set of number pairs.
    COS Computes the cosine of X .
    COSH Computes the hyperbolic cosine of X .
    COSINE_DISTANCE Computes the cosine distance between two vectors.
    COT Computes the cotangent of X .
    COTH Computes the hyperbolic cotangent of X .
    COUNT Gets the number of rows in the input, or the number of rows with an expression evaluated to any value other than NULL .
    COUNT (Differential Privacy) DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY -supported COUNT .

    Signature 1: Gets the differentially-private count of rows in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY clause.

    Signature 2: Gets the differentially-private count of rows with a non- NULL expression in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY clause.
    COUNTIF Gets the number of TRUE values for an expression.
    COVAR_POP Computes the population covariance of a set of number pairs.
    COVAR_SAMP Computes the sample covariance of a set of number pairs.
    CSC Computes the cosecant of X .
    CSCH Computes the hyperbolic cosecant of X .
    CUME_DIST Gets the cumulative distribution (relative position (0,1]) of each row within a window.
    CURRENT_DATE Returns the current date as a DATE value.
    CURRENT_DATETIME Returns the current date and time as a DATETIME value.
    CURRENT_TIME Returns the current time as a TIME value.
    CURRENT_TIMESTAMP Returns the current date and time as a TIMESTAMP object.
    DATE Constructs a DATE value.
    DATE_ADD Adds a specified time interval to a DATE value.
    DATE_BUCKET Gets the lower bound of the date bucket that contains a date.
    DATE_DIFF Gets the number of unit boundaries between two DATE values at a particular time granularity.
    DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE Interprets an INT64 expression as the number of days since 1970-01-01.
    DATE_SUB Subtracts a specified time interval from a DATE value.
    DATE_TRUNC Truncates a DATE , DATETIME , or TIMESTAMP value at a particular granularity.
    DATETIME Constructs a DATETIME value.
    DATETIME_ADD Adds a specified time interval to a DATETIME value.
    DATETIME_BUCKET Gets the lower bound of the datetime bucket that contains a datetime.
    DATETIME_DIFF Gets the number of unit boundaries between two DATETIME values at a particular time granularity.
    DATETIME_SUB Subtracts a specified time interval from a DATETIME value.
    DATETIME_TRUNC Truncates a DATETIME or TIMESTAMP value at a particular granularity.
    DENSE_RANK Gets the dense rank (1-based, no gaps) of each row within a window.
    DETERMINISTIC_DECRYPT_BYTES Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES ciphertext, using deterministic AEAD.
    DETERMINISTIC_DECRYPT_STRING Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES ciphertext into a STRING plaintext, using deterministic AEAD.
    DETERMINISTIC_ENCRYPT Encrypts STRING plaintext, using the primary cryptographic key in a keyset, using deterministic AEAD encryption.
    DIV Divides integer X by integer Y .
    DLP_DETERMINISTIC_ENCRYPT Encrypts data with a DLP compatible algorithm.
    DLP_DETERMINISTIC_DECRYPT Decrypts DLP-encrypted data.
    DLP_KEY_CHAIN Gets a data encryption key that's wrapped by Cloud Key Management Service.
    FLOAT64 Converts a JSON number to a SQL FLOAT64 value.
    EDIT_DISTANCE Computes the Levenshtein distance between two STRING or BYTES values.
    ENDS_WITH Checks if a STRING or BYTES value is the suffix of another value.
    ERROR Produces an error with a custom error message.
    EXP Computes e to the power of X .
    EXTERNAL_OBJECT_TRANSFORM Produces an object table with the original columns plus one or more additional columns.
    EXTERNAL_QUERY Executes a query on an external database and returns the results as a temporary table.
    EXTRACT Extracts part of a date from a DATE value.
    EXTRACT Extracts part of a date and time from a DATETIME value.
    EXTRACT Extracts part of an INTERVAL value.
    EXTRACT Extracts part of a TIME value.
    EXTRACT Extracts part of a TIMESTAMP value.
    EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE Computes the Euclidean distance between two vectors.
    FARM_FINGERPRINT Computes the fingerprint of a STRING or BYTES value, using the FarmHash Fingerprint64 algorithm.
    FIRST_VALUE Gets a value for the first row in the current window frame.
    FLOOR Gets the largest integral value that isn't greater than X .
    FORMAT_DATE Formats a DATE value according to a specified format string.
    FORMAT_DATETIME Formats a DATETIME value according to a specified format string.
    FORMAT_TIME Formats a TIME value according to the specified format string.
    FORMAT_TIMESTAMP Formats a TIMESTAMP value according to the specified format string.
    FORMAT Formats data and produces the results as a STRING value.
    FROM_BASE32 Converts a base32-encoded STRING value into a BYTES value.
    FROM_BASE64 Converts a base64-encoded STRING value into a BYTES value.
    FROM_HEX Converts a hexadecimal-encoded STRING value into a BYTES value.
    GAP_FILL Finds and fills gaps in a time series.
    GENERATE_ARRAY Generates an array of values in a range.
    GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY Generates an array of dates in a range.
    GENERATE_RANGE_ARRAY Splits a range into an array of subranges.
    GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY Generates an array of timestamps in a range.
    GENERATE_UUID Produces a random universally unique identifier (UUID) as a STRING value.
    GREATEST Gets the greatest value among X1,...,XN .
    GROUPING Checks if a groupable value in the GROUP BY clause is aggregated.
    HLL_COUNT.EXTRACT Extracts a cardinality estimate of an HLL++ sketch.
    HLL_COUNT.INIT Aggregates values of the same underlying type into a new HLL++ sketch.
    HLL_COUNT.MERGE Merges HLL++ sketches of the same underlying type into a new sketch, and then gets the cardinality of the new sketch.
    HLL_COUNT.MERGE_PARTIAL Merges HLL++ sketches of the same underlying type into a new sketch.
    IEEE_DIVIDE Divides X by Y , but doesn't generate errors for division by zero or overflow.
    INITCAP Formats a STRING as proper case, which means that the first character in each word is uppercase and all other characters are lowercase.
    INSTR Finds the position of a subvalue inside another value, optionally starting the search at a given offset or occurrence.
    INT64 Converts a JSON number to a SQL INT64 value.
    IS_INF Checks if X is positive or negative infinity.
    IS_NAN Checks if X is a NaN value.
    JSON_ARRAY Creates a JSON array.
    JSON_ARRAY_APPEND Appends JSON data to the end of a JSON array.
    JSON_ARRAY_INSERT Inserts JSON data into a JSON array.
    JSON_EXTRACT (Deprecated) Extracts a JSON value and converts it to a SQL JSON-formatted STRING or JSON value.
    JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY (Deprecated) Extracts a JSON array and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<JSON-formatted STRING> or ARRAY<JSON> value.
    JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR (Deprecated) Extracts a JSON scalar value and converts it to a SQL STRING value.
    JSON_EXTRACT_STRING_ARRAY (Deprecated) Extracts a JSON array of scalar values and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<STRING> value.
    JSON_KEYS Extracts unique JSON keys from a JSON expression.
    JSON_OBJECT Creates a JSON object.
    JSON_QUERY Extracts a JSON value and converts it to a SQL JSON-formatted STRING or JSON value.
    JSON_QUERY_ARRAY Extracts a JSON array and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<JSON-formatted STRING> or ARRAY<JSON> value.
    JSON_REMOVE Produces JSON with the specified JSON data removed.
    JSON_SET Inserts or replaces JSON data.
    JSON_STRIP_NULLS Removes JSON nulls from JSON objects and JSON arrays.
    JSON_TYPE Gets the JSON type of the outermost JSON value and converts the name of this type to a SQL STRING value.
    JSON_VALUE Extracts a JSON scalar value and converts it to a SQL STRING value.
    JSON_VALUE_ARRAY Extracts a JSON array of scalar values and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<STRING> value.
    JUSTIFY_DAYS Normalizes the day part of an INTERVAL value.
    JUSTIFY_HOURS Normalizes the time part of an INTERVAL value.
    JUSTIFY_INTERVAL Normalizes the day and time parts of an INTERVAL value.
    KEYS.ADD_KEY_FROM_RAW_BYTES Adds a key to a keyset, and return the new keyset as a serialized BYTES value.
    KEYS.KEYSET_CHAIN Produces a Tink keyset that's encrypted with a Cloud KMS key.
    KEYS.KEYSET_FROM_JSON Converts a STRING JSON keyset to a serialized BYTES value.
    KEYS.KEYSET_LENGTH Gets the number of keys in the provided keyset.
    KEYS.KEYSET_TO_JSON Gets a JSON STRING representation of a keyset.
    KEYS.NEW_KEYSET Gets a serialized keyset containing a new key based on the key type.
    KEYS.NEW_WRAPPED_KEYSET Creates a new keyset and encrypts it with a Cloud KMS key.
    KEYS.REWRAP_KEYSET Re-encrypts a wrapped keyset with a new Cloud KMS key.
    KEYS.ROTATE_KEYSET Adds a new primary cryptographic key to a keyset, based on the key type.
    KEYS.ROTATE_WRAPPED_KEYSET Rewraps a keyset and rotates it.
    KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_INT64 Gets a selected number of quantiles from an INT64 -initialized KLL sketch.
    KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_FLOAT64 Gets a selected number of quantiles from a FLOAT64 -initialized KLL sketch.
    KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_POINT_INT64 Gets a specific quantile from an INT64 -initialized KLL sketch.
    KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_POINT_FLOAT64 Gets a specific quantile from a FLOAT64 -initialized KLL sketch.
    KLL_QUANTILES.INIT_INT64 Aggregates values into an INT64 -initialized KLL sketch.
    KLL_QUANTILES.INIT_FLOAT64 Aggregates values into a FLOAT64 -initialized KLL sketch.
    KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_INT64 Merges INT64 -initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets the quantiles from the new sketch.
    KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_FLOAT64 Merges FLOAT64 -initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets the quantiles from the new sketch.
    KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_PARTIAL Merges KLL sketches of the same underlying type into a new sketch.
    KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_POINT_INT64 Merges INT64 -initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets a specific quantile from the new sketch.
    KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_POINT_FLOAT64 Merges FLOAT64 -initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets a specific quantile from the new sketch.
    LAG Gets a value for a preceding row.
    LAST_DAY Gets the last day in a specified time period that contains a DATE value.
    LAST_DAY Gets the last day in a specified time period that contains a DATETIME value.
    LAST_VALUE Gets a value for the last row in the current window frame.
    LAX_BOOL Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL BOOL value.
    LAX_FLOAT64 Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL FLOAT64 value.
    LAX_INT64 Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL INT64 value.
    LAX_STRING Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL STRING value.
    LEAD Gets a value for a subsequent row.
    LEAST Gets the least value among X1,...,XN .
    LEFT Gets the specified leftmost portion from a STRING or BYTES value.
    LENGTH Gets the length of a STRING or BYTES value.
    LN Computes the natural logarithm of X .
    LOG Computes the natural logarithm of X or the logarithm of X to base Y .
    LOG10 Computes the natural logarithm of X to base 10.
    LOGICAL_AND Gets the logical AND of all non- NULL expressions.
    LOGICAL_OR Gets the logical OR of all non- NULL expressions.
    LOWER Formats alphabetic characters in a STRING value as lowercase.

    Formats ASCII characters in a BYTES value as lowercase.
    LPAD Prepends a STRING or BYTES value with a pattern.
    LTRIM Identical to the TRIM function, but only removes leading characters.
    MAKE_INTERVAL Constructs an INTERVAL value.
    MAX Gets the maximum non- NULL value.
    MAX_BY Synonym for ANY_VALUE(x HAVING MAX y) .
    MD5 Computes the hash of a STRING or BYTES value, using the MD5 algorithm.
    MIN Gets the minimum non- NULL value.
    MIN_BY Synonym for ANY_VALUE(x HAVING MIN y) .
    MOD Gets the remainder of the division of X by Y .
    NET.HOST Gets the hostname from a URL.
    NET.IP_FROM_STRING Converts an IPv4 or IPv6 address from a STRING value to a BYTES value in network byte order.
    NET.IP_NET_MASK Gets a network mask.
    NET.IP_TO_STRING Converts an IPv4 or IPv6 address from a BYTES value in network byte order to a STRING value.
    NET.IP_TRUNC Converts a BYTES IPv4 or IPv6 address in network byte order to a BYTES subnet address.
    NET.IPV4_FROM_INT64 Converts an IPv4 address from an INT64 value to a BYTES value in network byte order.
    NET.IPV4_TO_INT64 Converts an IPv4 address from a BYTES value in network byte order to an INT64 value.
    NET.PUBLIC_SUFFIX Gets the public suffix from a URL.
    NET.REG_DOMAIN Gets the registered or registrable domain from a URL.
    NET.SAFE_IP_FROM_STRING Similar to the NET.IP_FROM_STRING , but returns NULL instead of producing an error if the input is invalid.
    NORMALIZE Case-sensitively normalizes the characters in a STRING value.
    NORMALIZE_AND_CASEFOLD Case-insensitively normalizes the characters in a STRING value.
    NTH_VALUE Gets a value for the Nth row of the current window frame.
    NTILE Gets the quantile bucket number (1-based) of each row within a window.
    OBJ.FETCH_METADATA Fetches Cloud Storage metadata for a partially populated ObjectRef value.
    OBJ.GET_ACCESS_URL Returns access URLs for a Cloud Storage object.
    OBJ.MAKE_REF Creates an ObjectRef value that contains reference information for a Cloud Storage object.
    OCTET_LENGTH Alias for BYTE_LENGTH .
    PARSE_BIGNUMERIC Converts a STRING value to a BIGNUMERIC value.
    PARSE_DATE Converts a STRING value to a DATE value.
    PARSE_DATETIME Converts a STRING value to a DATETIME value.
    PARSE_JSON Converts a JSON-formatted STRING value to a JSON value.
    PARSE_NUMERIC Converts a STRING value to a NUMERIC value.
    PARSE_TIME Converts a STRING value to a TIME value.
    PARSE_TIMESTAMP Converts a STRING value to a TIMESTAMP value.
    PERCENT_RANK Gets the percentile rank (from 0 to 1) of each row within a window.
    PERCENTILE_CONT Computes the specified percentile for a value, using linear interpolation.
    PERCENTILE_CONT (Differential Privacy) DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY -supported PERCENTILE_CONT .

    Computes a differentially-private percentile across privacy unit columns in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY clause.
    PERCENTILE_DISC Computes the specified percentile for a discrete value.
    POW Produces the value of X raised to the power of Y .
    POWER Synonym of POW .
    RAND Generates a pseudo-random value of type FLOAT64 in the range of [0, 1) .
    RANGE Constructs a range of DATE , DATETIME , or TIMESTAMP values.
    RANGE_BUCKET Scans through a sorted array and returns the 0-based position of a point's upper bound.
    RANGE_CONTAINS Signature 1: Checks if one range is in another range.

    Signature 2: Checks if a value is in a range.
    RANGE_END Gets the upper bound of a range.
    RANGE_INTERSECT Gets a segment of two ranges that intersect.
    RANGE_OVERLAPS Checks if two ranges overlap.
    RANGE_SESSIONIZE Produces a table of sessionized ranges.
    RANGE_START Gets the lower bound of a range.
    RANK Gets the rank (1-based) of each row within a window.
    REGEXP_CONTAINS Checks if a value is a partial match for a regular expression.
    REGEXP_EXTRACT Produces a substring that matches a regular expression.
    REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL Produces an array of all substrings that match a regular expression.
    REGEXP_INSTR Finds the position of a regular expression match in a value, optionally starting the search at a given offset or occurrence.
    REGEXP_REPLACE Produces a STRING value where all substrings that match a regular expression are replaced with a specified value.
    REGEXP_SUBSTR Synonym for REGEXP_EXTRACT .
    REPEAT Produces a STRING or BYTES value that consists of an original value, repeated.
    REPLACE Replaces all occurrences of a pattern with another pattern in a STRING or BYTES value.
    REVERSE Reverses a STRING or BYTES value.
    RIGHT Gets the specified rightmost portion from a STRING or BYTES value.
    ROUND Rounds X to the nearest integer or rounds X to N decimal places after the decimal point.
    ROW_NUMBER Gets the sequential row number (1-based) of each row within a window.
    RPAD Appends a STRING or BYTES value with a pattern.
    RTRIM Identical to the TRIM function, but only removes trailing characters.
    S2_CELLIDFROMPOINT Gets the S2 cell ID covering a point GEOGRAPHY value.
    S2_COVERINGCELLIDS Gets an array of S2 cell IDs that cover a GEOGRAPHY value.
    SAFE_ADD Equivalent to the addition operator ( X + Y ), but returns NULL if overflow occurs.
    SAFE_CAST Similar to the CAST function, but returns NULL when a runtime error is produced.
    SAFE_CONVERT_BYTES_TO_STRING Converts a BYTES value to a STRING value and replace any invalid UTF-8 characters with the Unicode replacement character, U+FFFD .
    SAFE_DIVIDE Equivalent to the division operator ( X / Y ), but returns NULL if an error occurs.
    SAFE_MULTIPLY Equivalent to the multiplication operator ( X * Y ), but returns NULL if overflow occurs.
    SAFE_NEGATE Equivalent to the unary minus operator ( -X ), but returns NULL if overflow occurs.
    SAFE_SUBTRACT Equivalent to the subtraction operator ( X - Y ), but returns NULL if overflow occurs.
    SEARCH Checks to see whether a table or other search data contains a set of search terms.
    SEC Computes the secant of X .
    SECH Computes the hyperbolic secant of X .
    SESSION_USER Get the email address or principal identifier of the user that's running the query.
    SHA1 Computes the hash of a STRING or BYTES value, using the SHA-1 algorithm.
    SHA256 Computes the hash of a STRING or BYTES value, using the SHA-256 algorithm.
    SHA512 Computes the hash of a STRING or BYTES value, using the SHA-512 algorithm.
    SIGN Produces -1 , 0, or +1 for negative, zero, and positive arguments respectively.
    SIN Computes the sine of X .
    SINH Computes the hyperbolic sine of X .
    SOUNDEX Gets the Soundex codes for words in a STRING value.
    SPLIT Splits a STRING or BYTES value, using a delimiter.
    SQRT Computes the square root of X .
    ST_ANGLE Takes three point GEOGRAPHY values, which represent two intersecting lines, and returns the angle between these lines.
    ST_AREA Gets the area covered by the polygons in a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_ASBINARY Converts a GEOGRAPHY value to a BYTES WKB geography value.
    ST_ASGEOJSON Converts a GEOGRAPHY value to a STRING GeoJSON geography value.
    ST_ASTEXT Converts a GEOGRAPHY value to a STRING WKT geography value.
    ST_AZIMUTH Gets the azimuth of a line segment formed by two point GEOGRAPHY values.
    ST_BOUNDARY Gets the union of component boundaries in a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_BOUNDINGBOX Gets the bounding box for a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_BUFFER Gets the buffer around a GEOGRAPHY value, using a specific number of segments.
    ST_BUFFERWITHTOLERANCE Gets the buffer around a GEOGRAPHY value, using tolerance.
    ST_CENTROID Gets the centroid of a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_CENTROID_AGG Gets the centroid of a set of GEOGRAPHY values.
    ST_CLOSESTPOINT Gets the point on a GEOGRAPHY value which is closest to any point in a second GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_CLUSTERDBSCAN Performs DBSCAN clustering on a group of GEOGRAPHY values and produces a 0-based cluster number for this row.
    ST_CONTAINS Checks if one GEOGRAPHY value contains another GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_CONVEXHULL Returns the convex hull for a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_COVEREDBY Checks if all points of a GEOGRAPHY value are on the boundary or interior of another GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_COVERS Checks if all points of a GEOGRAPHY value are on the boundary or interior of another GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_DIFFERENCE Gets the point set difference between two GEOGRAPHY values.
    ST_DIMENSION Gets the dimension of the highest-dimensional element in a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_DISJOINT Checks if two GEOGRAPHY values are disjoint (don't intersect).
    ST_DISTANCE Gets the shortest distance in meters between two GEOGRAPHY values.
    ST_DUMP Returns an array of simple GEOGRAPHY components in a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_DWITHIN Checks if any points in two GEOGRAPHY values are within a given distance.
    ST_ENDPOINT Gets the last point of a linestring GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_EQUALS Checks if two GEOGRAPHY values represent the same GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_EXTENT Gets the bounding box for a group of GEOGRAPHY values.
    ST_EXTERIORRING Returns a linestring GEOGRAPHY value that corresponds to the outermost ring of a polygon GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_GEOGFROM Converts a STRING or BYTES value into a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_GEOGFROMGEOJSON Converts a STRING GeoJSON geometry value into a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_GEOGFROMTEXT Converts a STRING WKT geometry value into a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_GEOGFROMWKB Converts a BYTES or hexadecimal-text STRING WKT geometry value into a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_GEOGPOINT Creates a point GEOGRAPHY value for a given longitude and latitude.
    ST_GEOGPOINTFROMGEOHASH Gets a point GEOGRAPHY value that's in the middle of a bounding box defined in a STRING GeoHash value.
    ST_GEOHASH Converts a point GEOGRAPHY value to a STRING GeoHash value.
    ST_GEOMETRYTYPE Gets the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) geometry type for a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_HAUSDORFFDISTANCE Gets the discrete Hausdorff distance between two geometries.
    ST_HAUSDORFFDWITHIN Checks if the Hausdorff distance between two GEOGRAPHY values is within a given distance.
    ST_INTERIORRINGS Gets the interior rings of a polygon GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_INTERSECTION Gets the point set intersection of two GEOGRAPHY values.
    ST_INTERSECTS Checks if at least one point appears in two GEOGRAPHY values.
    ST_INTERSECTSBOX Checks if a GEOGRAPHY value intersects a rectangle.
    ST_ISCLOSED Checks if all components in a GEOGRAPHY value are closed.
    ST_ISCOLLECTION Checks if the total number of points, linestrings, and polygons is greater than one in a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_ISEMPTY Checks if a GEOGRAPHY value is empty.
    ST_ISRING Checks if a GEOGRAPHY value is a closed, simple linestring.
    ST_LENGTH Gets the total length of lines in a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_LINEINTERPOLATEPOINT Gets a point at a specific fraction in a linestring GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_LINELOCATEPOINT Gets a section of a linestring GEOGRAPHY value between the start point and a point GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_LINESUBSTRING Gets a segment of a single linestring at a specific starting and ending fraction.
    ST_MAKELINE Creates a linestring GEOGRAPHY value by concatenating the point and linestring vertices of GEOGRAPHY values.
    ST_MAKEPOLYGON Constructs a polygon GEOGRAPHY value by combining a polygon shell with polygon holes.
    ST_MAKEPOLYGONORIENTED Constructs a polygon GEOGRAPHY value, using an array of linestring GEOGRAPHY values. The vertex ordering of each linestring determines the orientation of each polygon ring.
    ST_MAXDISTANCE Gets the longest distance between two non-empty GEOGRAPHY values.
    ST_NPOINTS An alias of ST_NUMPOINTS .
    ST_NUMGEOMETRIES Gets the number of geometries in a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_NUMPOINTS Gets the number of vertices in the a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_PERIMETER Gets the length of the boundary of the polygons in a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_POINTN Gets the point at a specific index of a linestring GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_REGIONSTATS Computes statistics describing the pixels in a geospatial raster image that intersect a GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_SIMPLIFY Converts a GEOGRAPHY value into a simplified GEOGRAPHY value, using tolerance.
    ST_SNAPTOGRID Produces a GEOGRAPHY value, where each vertex has been snapped to a longitude/latitude grid.
    ST_STARTPOINT Gets the first point of a linestring GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_TOUCHES Checks if two GEOGRAPHY values intersect and their interiors have no elements in common.
    ST_UNION Gets the point set union of multiple GEOGRAPHY values.
    ST_UNION_AGG Aggregates over GEOGRAPHY values and gets their point set union.
    ST_WITHIN Checks if one GEOGRAPHY value contains another GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_X Gets the longitude from a point GEOGRAPHY value.
    ST_Y Gets the latitude from a point GEOGRAPHY value.
    STARTS_WITH Checks if a STRING or BYTES value is a prefix of another value.
    STDDEV An alias of the STDDEV_SAMP function.
    STDDEV_POP Computes the population (biased) standard deviation of the values.
    STDDEV_SAMP Computes the sample (unbiased) standard deviation of the values.
    STRING (JSON) Converts a JSON string to a SQL STRING value.
    STRING (Timestamp) Converts a TIMESTAMP value to a STRING value.
    STRING_AGG Concatenates non- NULL STRING or BYTES values.
    STRPOS Finds the position of the first occurrence of a subvalue inside another value.
    SUBSTR Gets a portion of a STRING or BYTES value.
    SUBSTRING Alias for SUBSTR
    SUM Gets the sum of non- NULL values.
    SUM (Differential Privacy) DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY -supported SUM .

    Gets the differentially-private sum of non- NULL , non- NaN values in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY clause.
    TAN Computes the tangent of X .
    TANH Computes the hyperbolic tangent of X .
    TEXT_ANALYZE Extracts terms (tokens) from text and converts them into a tokenized document.
    TF_IDF Evaluates how relevant a term (token) is to a tokenized document in a set of tokenized documents.
    TIME Constructs a TIME value.
    TIME_ADD Adds a specified time interval to a TIME value.
    TIME_DIFF Gets the number of unit boundaries between two TIME values at a particular time granularity.
    TIME_SUB Subtracts a specified time interval from a TIME value.
    TIME_TRUNC Truncates a TIME value at a particular granularity.
    TIMESTAMP Constructs a TIMESTAMP value.
    TIMESTAMP_ADD Adds a specified time interval to a TIMESTAMP value.
    TIMESTAMP_BUCKET Gets the lower bound of the timestamp bucket that contains a timestamp.
    TIMESTAMP_DIFF Gets the number of unit boundaries between two TIMESTAMP values at a particular time granularity.
    TIMESTAMP_MICROS Converts the number of microseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to a TIMESTAMP .
    TIMESTAMP_MILLIS Converts the number of milliseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to a TIMESTAMP .
    TIMESTAMP_SECONDS Converts the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to a TIMESTAMP .
    TIMESTAMP_SUB Subtracts a specified time interval from a TIMESTAMP value.
    TIMESTAMP_TRUNC Truncates a TIMESTAMP or DATETIME value at a particular granularity.
    TO_BASE32 Converts a BYTES value to a base32-encoded STRING value.
    TO_BASE64 Converts a BYTES value to a base64-encoded STRING value.
    TO_CODE_POINTS Converts a STRING or BYTES value into an array of extended ASCII code points.
    TO_HEX Converts a BYTES value to a hexadecimal STRING value.
    TO_JSON Converts a SQL value to a JSON value.
    TO_JSON_STRING Converts a SQL value to a JSON-formatted STRING value.
    TRANSLATE Within a value, replaces each source character with the corresponding target character.
    TRIM Removes the specified leading and trailing Unicode code points or bytes from a STRING or BYTES value.
    TRUNC Rounds a number like ROUND(X) or ROUND(X, N) , but always rounds towards zero and never overflows.
    TYPEOF Gets the name of the data type for an expression.
    UNICODE Gets the Unicode code point for the first character in a value.
    UNIX_DATE Converts a DATE value to the number of days since 1970-01-01.
    UNIX_MICROS Converts a TIMESTAMP value to the number of microseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
    UNIX_MILLIS Converts a TIMESTAMP value to the number of milliseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
    UNIX_SECONDS Converts a TIMESTAMP value to the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
    UPPER Formats alphabetic characters in a STRING value as uppercase.

    Formats ASCII characters in a BYTES value as uppercase.
    VAR_POP Computes the population (biased) variance of the values.
    VAR_SAMP Computes the sample (unbiased) variance of the values.
    VARIANCE An alias of VAR_SAMP .
    VECTOR_SEARCH Performs a vector search on embeddings to find semantically similar entities.
    VECTOR_INDEX.STATISTICS Calculate how much an indexed table's data has drifted between when a vector index was trained and the present.
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