VNP21A1N.002: Night Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Daily 1km

AI-generated Key Takeaways

The VNP21A1N dataset provides daily Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) data specifically for nighttime, compiled from VIIRS observations.
This dataset is available from January 19, 2012, to October 15, 2025, with a daily cadence and a pixel size of 1000 meters.
The dataset includes bands for Land Surface Temperature, Quality Control, Emissivity for different bands, View Angle, and View Time.
Data is freely accessible with a request to cite the datasets when used in publications.

Dataset Availability: 2012-01-19T00:00:00Z–2025-11-11T00:00:00Z
Dataset Provider: NASA LP DAAC at the USGS EROS Center

Cadence: 1 Day
Tags: climate daily land nasa night noaa surface temperature viirs

Description

The NASA Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Night Version 1 product (VNP21A1N) is compiled daily from nighttime Level 2 Gridded (L2G) intermediate products.

The L2G process maps the daily VNP21 swath granules onto a sinusoidal MODIS grid and stores all observations overlapping a gridded cell for a given night. The VNP21A1 algorithm sorts through all these observations for each cell and estimates the final LST value as an average from all cloud-free observations that have good LST accuracies. Only observations having observation coverage more than a certain threshold (15%) are considered for this averaging.

Documentation:

Bands

Pixel Size 1000 meters

Bands

Name

Units

Pixel Size

Description

LST_1KM

meters

Daily 1 km Land Surface Temperature.

QC

meters

Daily Quality control for LST and emissivity

Bitmask for QC

Bits 0-1: Mandatory QA flags
- 0: Pixel produced, good quality, no further QA info necessary
- 1: Pixel produced but unreliable quality
- 2: Pixel not produced due to cloud
- 3: Pixel not produced due to reasons other than cloud
Bits 2-3: Data quality flag
- 0: Good data quality of L1B bands 14, 15, 16
- 1: Missing pixel
- 2: Fairly calibrated
- 3: Poorly calibrated, TES processing skipped
Bits 4-5: Cloud Flag
- 0: Cloud-free
- 1: Thin cirrus
- 2: Pixel within 2 pixels of nearest cloud
- 3: Cloudy pixels
Bits 6-7: Iterations
- 0: Slow convergence
- 1: Nominal
- 2: Nominal
- 3: Fast
Bits 8-9: Atmospheric Opacity
- 0: ≥3 (Warm, humid air; or cold land)
- 1: 0.2 - 0.3 (Nominal value)
- 2: 0.1 - 0.2 (Nominal value)
- 3: <0.1 (Dry, or high altitude pixel)
Bits 10-11: MMD
- 0: >0.15 (Most silicate rocks)
- 1: 0.1 - 0.15 (Rocks, sand, some soils)
- 2: 0.03 - 0.1 (Mostly soils, mixed pixel)
- 3: <0.03 (Vegetation, snow, water, ice, some soils)
Bits 12-13: Emissivity accuracy
- 0: >0.02 (Poor performance)
- 1: 0.015 - 0.02 (Marginal performance)
- 2: 0.01 - 0.015 (Good performance)
- 3: <0.01 (Excellent performance)
Bits 14-15: LST accuracy
- 0: >2K (Poor performance)
- 1: 1.5 - 2K (Marginal performance)
- 2: 1 - 1.5K (Good performance)
- 3: <1K (Excellent performance)

Emis_14

meters

Daily M14 emissivity

Emis_15

meters

Daily M15 emissivity

Emis_16

meters

Daily M16 emissivity

View_Angle

deg

meters

View zenith angle of LST

View_Time

meters

Time of LST observation

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

LP DAAC NASA data are freely accessible; however, when an author publishes these data or works based on the data, it is requested that the author cite the datasets within the text of the publication and include a reference to them in the reference list.

Citations

Please visit LP DAAC 'Citing Our Data' page for information on citing LP DAAC datasets.

DOIs

https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP21A1N.002

Explore with Earth Engine

Code Editor (JavaScript)

 var 
  
 dataset 
  
 = 
  
 ee 
 . 
 ImageCollection 
 ( 
 'NASA/VIIRS/002/VNP21A1N' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 filter 
 ( 
 ee 
 . 
 Filter 
 . 
 date 
 ( 
 '2022-11-01' 
 , 
  
 '2022-12-01' 
 )); 
 var 
  
 visualization 
  
 = 
  
 { 
  
 bands 
 : 
  
 [ 
 'LST_1KM' 
 ], 
  
 min 
 : 
  
 [ 
 150 
 ], 
  
 max 
 : 
  
 [ 
 300 
 ], 
  
 palette 
 : 
  
 [ 
  
 'a50026' 
 , 
  
 'd73027' 
 , 
  
 'f46d43' 
 , 
  
 'fdae61' 
 , 
  
 'fee08b' 
 , 
  
 'ffffbf' 
 , 
  
 'd9ef8b' 
 , 
  
 'a6d96a' 
 , 
  
 '66bd63' 
 , 
  
 '1a9850' 
 , 
  
 '006837' 
 , 
  
 ] 
 }; 
 Map 
 . 
 setCenter 
 ( 
 41.2 
 , 
  
 38.84 
 , 
  
 3 
 ); 
 Map 
 . 
 addLayer 
 ( 
 dataset 
 , 
  
 visualization 
 , 
  
 'LST' 
 );

Open in Code Editor

VNP21A1N.002: Night Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Daily 1km

NASA/VIIRS/002/VNP21A1N, climate,daily,land,nasa,night,noaa,surface,temperature,viirs

2012-01-19T00:00:00Z/2025-11-11T00:00:00Z

-90 -180 90 180

Google Earth Engine

https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets

VNP21A1N.002: Night Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Daily 1km Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences.

AI-generated Key Takeaways

Description

Bands

Terms of Use

Citations

DOIs

Explore with Earth Engine

Code Editor (JavaScript)

VNP21A1N.002: Night Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Daily 1km