GEOS-CF fcst tavg1hr v1: Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast

Page Summary

The GEOS-CF dataset provides high-resolution global forecasts of atmospheric composition from NASA's GMAO.
It includes forecasts for various atmospheric constituents like ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and PM2.5.
The dataset is available from October 1, 2022, to October 15, 2025, and can be accessed through Google Earth Engine.

Dataset Availability: 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z–2026-01-02T12:00:00Z
Dataset Producer: NASA / GMAO

Tags: atmosphere composition forecast geos gmao nasa

Description

This dataset contains meteorological forecast (fcst) of time-averaged frequency data (tavg1hr). Use the 'creation_time' and 'forecast_time' properties to select data of interest. The Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast (GEOS-CF) system is a high-resolution (0.25°) global constituent prediction system from NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office(GMAO) .

GEOS-CF offers a new tool for atmospheric chemistry research, with the goal to supplement NASA's broad range of space-based and in-situ observations. GEOS-CF expands on the GEOS weather and aerosol modeling system by introducing the GEOS-Chem chemistry module to provide hindcasts and 5-days forecasts of atmospheric constituents including ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The chemistry module integrated in GEOS-CF is identical to the offline GEOS-Chem model and readily benefits from the innovations provided by the GEOS-Chem community.

Evaluation of GEOS-CF against satellite, ozonesonde, and surface observations for years 2018–2019 shows realistic simulated concentrations of O3, NO2, and CO, with normalized mean biases of −0.1 to 0.3, normalized root mean square errors between 0.1–0.4, and correlations between 0.3–0.8. Comparisons against surface observations highlight the successful representation of air pollutants in many regions of the world and during all seasons, yet also highlight current limitations, such as a global high bias in SO2 and an overprediction of summertime O3 over the Southeast United States.

GEOS-CF v1.0 generally overestimates aerosols by 20%–50% due to known issues in GEOS-Chem v12.0.1 that have been addressed in later versions. The 5-days forecasts have skill scores comparable to the 1-day hindcast. Model skills can be improved significantly by applying a bias-correction to the surface model output using a machine-learning approach.

Bands

Bands

Pixel size: 27750 meters (all bands)

Name	Units	Pixel Size	Description
`ACET`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Acetone (CH3C(O)CH3, MW = 58.08 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`ALD2`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO, MW = 44.05 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`ALK4`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Lumped >= C4 Alkanes (MW = 58.12 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`AOD550_BC`		27750 meters	Black carbon optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_CLOUD`		27750 meters	Cloud optical depth
`AOD550_DST1`		27750 meters	Dust bin1 optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_DST2`		27750 meters	Dust bin2 optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_DST3`		27750 meters	Dust bin3 optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_DST4`		27750 meters	Dust bin4 optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_DST5`		27750 meters	Dust bin5 optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_DST6`		27750 meters	Dust bin6 optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_DST7`		27750 meters	Dust bin7 optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_DUST`		27750 meters	Dust optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_OC`		27750 meters	Organic carbon optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_SALA`		27750 meters	Accumulation mode sea salt optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_SALC`		27750 meters	Coarse mode sea salt optical depth at 550nm
`AOD550_SULFATE`		27750 meters	Sulfate optical depth at 550nm
`BCPI`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Hydrophilic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`BCPO`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Hydrophobic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`BENZ`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Benzene (C6H6, MW = 78.11 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`C2H6`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Ethane (C2H6, MW = 30.07 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`C3H8`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Propane (C3H8, MW = 44.10 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`CH4`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Methane (CH4, MW = 16.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`CLDTT`		27750 meters	Total cloud area fraction
`CO`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Carbon monoxide (CO, MW = 28.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`DRYDEPFLX_BCPI`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Hydrophilic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_BCPO`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Hydrophobic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_DST1`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 0.7 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_DST2`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 1.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_DST3`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 2.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_DST4`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 4.5 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_HCHO`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Formaldehyde (CH2O, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_HNO3`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Nitric acid (HNO3, MW = 63.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_NH3`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Ammonia (NH3, MW = 17.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_NH4`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Ammonium (NH4, MW = 18.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_NIT`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Inorganic nitrates (MW = 62.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_NO2`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Nitrogen dioxide (NO2, MW = 46.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_O3`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Ozone (O3, MW = 48.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_OCPI`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Hydrophilic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_OCPO`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Hydrophobic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_SALA`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Fine (0.01-0.05 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DRYDEPFLX_SALC`	molec cm-2 s-1	27750 meters	Coarse (0.5-8 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
`DST1`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 0.7 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`DST2`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 1.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`DST3`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 2.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`DST4`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 4.5 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`EOH`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Ethanol (C2H5OH, MW = 46.07 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`H2O2`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, MW = 34.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`HCHO`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Formaldehyde (CH2O, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`HNO3`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Nitric acid (HNO3, MW = 63.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`HNO4`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Peroxynitric acid (HNO4, MW = 79.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`ISOP`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Isoprene (CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2, MW = 68.12 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`MACR`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Methacrolein (CH2=C(CH3)CHO, MW = 70.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`MEK`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Methyl Ethyl Ketone (RC(O)R, MW = 72.11 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`MVK`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Methyl vinyl ketone (CH2=CHC(=O)CH3, MW = 70.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`N2O5`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5, MW = 108.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`NH3`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Ammonia (NH3, MW = 17.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`NH4`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Ammonium (NH4, MW = 18.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`NIT`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Inorganic nitrates (MW = 62.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`NO`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Nitrogen oxide (NO, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`NO2`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Nitrogen dioxide (NO2, MW = 46.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`NOy`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Reactive nitrogen = NO NO2 HNO3 HNO4 HONO 2xN2O5 PAN OrganicNitrates AerosolNitrates
`O3`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Ozone (O3, MW = 48.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`OCPI`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Hydrophilic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`OCPO`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Hydrophobic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`PAN`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Peroxyacetyl nitrate (CH3C(O)OONO2, MW = 121.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`PHIS`	m^2 s-2	27750 meters	Surface geopotential height
`PM25_RH35_GCC`	ug m-3	27750 meters	Particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
`PM25_RH35_GOCART`	kg/m^3	27750 meters	Total reconstructed PM2.5 RH 35
`PM25bc_RH35_GCC`	ug m-3	27750 meters	Black carbon particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
`PM25du_RH35_GCC`	ug m-3	27750 meters	Dust particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
`PM25ni_RH35_GCC`	ug m-3	27750 meters	Nitrate particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
`PM25oc_RH35_GCC`	ug m-3	27750 meters	Organic carbon particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
`PM25soa_RH35_GCC`	ug m-3	27750 meters	Secondary organic aerosol particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
`PM25ss_RH35_GCC`	ug m-3	27750 meters	Seasalt particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
`PM25su_RH35_GCC`	ug m-3	27750 meters	Sulfate particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
`PRPE`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Lumped >= C3 alkenes (C3H6, MW = 42.08 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`PS`	Pa	27750 meters	Surface pressure
`Q`	Mass fraction	27750 meters	Specific humidity
`Q10M`	Mass fraction	27750 meters	10-meter specific humidity
`Q2M`	Mass fraction	27750 meters	2-meter specific humidity
`RCHO`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Lumped aldehyde >= C3 (CH3CH2CHO, MW = 58.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`RH`		27750 meters	Relative humidity after moist
`SALA`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Fine (0.01-0.05 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`SALC`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Coarse (0.5-8 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`SLP`	Pa	27750 meters	Sea level pressure
`SO2`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Sulfur dioxide (SO2, MW = 64.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`SOAP`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	SOA Precursor - lumped species for simplified SOA parameterization (MW = 150.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`SOAS`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	SOA Simple - simplified non-volatile SOA parameterization (MW = 150.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`T`	K	27750 meters	Air temperature
`T10M`	K	27750 meters	10-meter air temperature
`T2M`	K	27750 meters	2-meter air temperature
`TOLU`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Toluene (C7H8, MW = 92.14 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`TOTCOL_BrO`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Bromine monoxide (BrO, MW = 96.00 g mol-1) total column density
`TOTCOL_CO`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Carbon monoxide (CO, MW = 28.00 g mol-1) total column density
`TOTCOL_HCHO`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Formaldehyde (CH2O, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) total column density
`TOTCOL_IO`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Iodine monoxide (IO, MW = 143.00 g mol-1) total column density
`TOTCOL_NO2`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Nitrogen dioxide (NO2, MW = 46.00 g mol-1) total column density
`TOTCOL_O3`	Dobson	27750 meters	Ozone (O3, MW = 48.00 g mol-1) total column density
`TOTCOL_SO2`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Sulfur dioxide (SO2, MW = 64.00 g mol-1) total column density
`TPREC`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Total precipitation
`TROPCOL_BrO`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Bromine monoxide (BrO, MW = 96.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
`TROPCOL_CO`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Carbon monoxide (CO, MW = 28.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
`TROPCOL_HCHO`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Formaldehyde (CH2O, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
`TROPCOL_IO`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Iodine monoxide (IO, MW = 143.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
`TROPCOL_NO2`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Nitrogen dioxide (NO2, MW = 46.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
`TROPCOL_O3`	Dobson	27750 meters	Ozone (O3, MW = 48.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
`TROPCOL_SO2`	1.0e15 molec cm-2	27750 meters	Sulfur dioxide (SO2, MW = 64.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
`TROPPB`	Pa	27750 meters	Tropopause pressure based on blended estimate
`TS`	K	27750 meters	Surface skin temperature
`U`	m/s	27750 meters	Eastward wind
`U10M`	m/s	27750 meters	10-meter eastward wind
`U2M`	m/s	27750 meters	2-meter eastward wind
`V`	m/s	27750 meters	Northward wind
`V10M`	m/s	27750 meters	10-meter northward wind
`V2M`	m/s	27750 meters	2-meter northward wind
`WETDEPFLX_BCPI`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Hydrophilic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_BCPO`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Hydrophobic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_DST1`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 0.7 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_DST2`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 1.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_DST3`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 2.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_DST4`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Dust aerosol, Reff = 4.5 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_HCHO`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Formaldehyde (CH2O, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_HNO3`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Nitric acid (HNO3, MW = 63.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_NH3`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Ammonia (NH3, MW = 17.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_NH4`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Ammonium (NH4, MW = 18.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_NIT`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Inorganic nitrates (MW = 62.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_OCPI`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Hydrophilic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_OCPO`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Hydrophobic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_SALA`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Fine (0.01-0.05 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_SALC`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Coarse (0.5-8 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_SO2`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Sulfur dioxide (SO2, MW = 64.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`WETDEPFLX_SO4`	kg/m^2/s	27750 meters	Sulfate (SO4, MW = 96.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
`XYLE`	Mol fraction	27750 meters	Xylene (C8H10, MW = 106.16 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
`ZL`	m	27750 meters	Mid layer heights
`ZPBL`	m	27750 meters	Planetary boundary layer height

Image Properties

Image Properties

Name	Type	Description
creation_time	DOUBLE	Time of creation
forecast_time	DOUBLE	Forecast time

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

Unless otherwise noted, all NASA-produced data may be used for any purpose without prior permission. For more information and exceptions visit the NASA Data & Information Policy page .

Citations

Keller, C. A., Knowland, K. E., Duncan, B. N., Liu, J., Anderson, D. C., Das, S., ... & Pawson, S. (2021). Description of the NASA GEOS composition forecast modeling system GEOS-CF v1. 0. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 13(4), e2020MS002413. doi:10.1029/2020MS002413

DOIs

https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002413

Explore with Earth Engine

Code Editor (JavaScript)

 var 
  
 imageVisParamNO2 
  
 = 
  
 { 
  
 'bands' 
 : 
  
 [ 
 'NO2' 
 ], 
  
 'min' 
 : 
  
 6.96e-11 
 , 
  
 'max' 
 : 
  
 4.42e-8 
 , 
 }; 
 var 
  
 imageVisParamT 
  
 = 
  
 { 
  
 'bands' 
 : 
  
 [ 
 'T' 
 ], 
  
 'min' 
 : 
  
 220 
 , 
  
 'max' 
 : 
  
 320 
 , 
  
 'palette' 
 : 
  
 [ 
 'd7191c' 
 , 
  
 'fdae61' 
 , 
  
 'ffffbf' 
 , 
  
 'abd9e9' 
 , 
  
 '2c7bb6' 
 ], 
 }; 
 var 
  
 geosCf 
  
 = 
  
 ee 
 . 
 ImageCollection 
 ( 
 'NASA/GEOS-CF/v1/fcst/tavg1hr' 
 ); 
 Map 
 . 
 setCenter 
 ( 
 100 
 , 
  
 20 
 , 
  
 3 
 ); 
 var 
  
 weeklyT 
  
 = 
  
 geosCf 
 . 
 select 
 ( 
 'T' 
 ). 
 filterDate 
 ( 
 '2022-11-01' 
 , 
  
 '2022-11-08' 
 ). 
 median 
 (); 
 Map 
 . 
 addLayer 
 ( 
 weeklyT 
 , 
  
 imageVisParamT 
 , 
  
 'Weekly T' 
 , 
  
 false 
 , 
  
 1 
 ); 
 var 
  
 NO2 
  
 = 
  
 ee 
 . 
 Image 
 ( 
 'NASA/GEOS-CF/v1/fcst/tavg1hr/20220921_12z-20220921_1230z' 
 ); 
 Map 
 . 
 addLayer 
 ( 
 NO2 
 , 
  
 imageVisParamNO2 
 , 
  
 'NO2' 
 , 
  
 true 
 , 
  
 1 
 );

Open in Code Editor

GEOS-CF fcst tavg1hr v1: Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast

NASA/GEOS-CF/v1/fcst/tavg1hr, atmosphere,composition,forecast,geos,gmao,nasa

2022-10-01T00:00:00Z/2026-01-02T12:00:00Z

-90 -180 90 180

Google Earth Engine

https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets

GEOS-CF fcst tavg1hr v1: Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences.

Page Summary

Description

Bands

Image Properties

Terms of Use

Citations

DOIs

Explore with Earth Engine

Code Editor (JavaScript)

GEOS-CF fcst tavg1hr v1: Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast