Use Connected Sheets

    Connected Sheets is a Google Sheets feature that lets you analyze BigQuery and Looker data directly within Sheets. You can access Connected Sheets programmatically with the Spreadsheet service.

    Common Connected Sheets actions

    Use the DataSource classes and objects to connect to BigQuery or Looker and analyze data. The following table lists the most common DataSource actions and how to create them in Apps Script:

    Action Google Apps Script class Method to use
    Connect a sheet to a supported data source
    		 DataSourceSpec SpreadsheetApp.newDataSourceSpec()
    Choose a data source
    		 DataSource Spreadsheet.insertDataSourceSheet().getDataSource()
    Add a data source sheet
    		 DataSourceSheet Spreadsheet.insertDataSourceSheet()
    Add a pivot table
    		 DataSourcePivotTable Range.insertDataSourcePivotTable()
    Pull data into an extract
    		 DataSourceTable Range.insertDataSourceTable()
    Use a formula
    		 DataSourceFormula Range.setFormula()
    Add a chart
    		 DataSourceChart Sheet.insertDataSourceChart()

    Add required authorization scopes

    To access BigQuery data, you must include the enableBigQueryExecution() method in your Google Apps Script code. This method adds the required bigquery.readonly OAuth scope to your Google Apps Script project.

    The following sample shows the SpreadsheetApp.enableBigQueryExecution() method called within a function:

     function 
  
 addDataSource 
 () 
  
 { 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 enableBigQueryExecution 
 (); 
  
 var 
  
 spreadsheet 
  
 = 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 getActive 
 (); 
  
 }

    To access Looker data, you must include the enableLookerExecution() method in your Google Apps Script code. Accessing Looker in Apps Script will reuse your existing Google Account Link with Looker.

    The following sample shows the SpreadsheetApp.enableLookerExecution() method called within a function:

     function 
  
 addDataSource 
 () 
  
 { 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 enableLookerExecution 
 (); 
  
 var 
  
 spreadsheet 
  
 = 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 getActive 
 (); 
  
 }

    Add additional OAuth scopes to the manifest file

    When connecting with BigQuery, most OAuth scopes are automatically added to the manifest file based on the functions used in your code. If you need additional scopes to access certain BigQuery data, you can set explicit scopes .

    For example, to query BigQuery data hosted within Google Drive , you must add a Drive OAuth scope to your manifest file.

    The following sample shows the oauthScopes portion of a manifest file. It adds a drive OAuth scope in addition to the minimum required spreadsheet and bigquery.readonly OAuth scopes:

    { ...
  "oauthScopes": [
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery.readonly",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive" ],
... }

    Example: Create and refresh a data source object

    The following examples shows how to add a data source, create a data source object from the data source, refresh the data source object, and get the execution status.

    Add a data source

    The following examples show how to add a BigQuery and a Looker data source respectively.

    BigQuery

    To add a BigQuery data source to a spreadsheet, insert a data source sheet with a data source spec. The data source sheet is automatically refreshed to fetch preview data.

    Replace <YOUR_PROJECT_ID> below with a valid Google Cloud project ID.

      // 
  
 For 
  
 operations 
  
 that 
  
 fetch 
  
 data 
  
 from 
  
 BigQuery 
 , 
  
 enableBigQueryExecution 
 () 
  
 must 
  
 be 
  
 called 
 . 
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 enableBigQueryExecution 
 (); 
 var 
  
 spreadsheet 
  
 = 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 create 
 ( 
 'Test connected sheets' 
 ); 
 Logger 
 . 
 log 
 ( 
 'New test spreadsheet: 
 %s 
 ' 
 , 
  
 spreadsheet 
 . 
 getUrl 
 ()); 
 // 
  
 Build 
  
 data 
  
 source 
  
 spec 
  
 by 
  
 selecting 
  
 a 
  
 table 
 . 
 var 
  
 dataSourceSpec 
  
 = 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 newDataSourceSpec 
 () 
  
 . 
 asBigQuery 
 () 
  
 . 
 setProjectId 
 ( 
 '<YOUR_PROJECT_ID>' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 setTableProjectId 
 ( 
 'bigquery-public-data' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 setDatasetId 
 ( 
 'ncaa_basketball' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 setTableId 
 ( 
 'mbb_historical_tournament_games' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 build 
 (); 
 // 
  
 Add 
  
 data 
  
 source 
  
 and 
  
 its 
  
 associated 
  
 data 
  
 source 
  
 sheet 
 . 
 var 
  
 dataSourceSheet 
  
 = 
  
 spreadsheet 
 . 
 insertDataSourceSheet 
 ( 
 dataSourceSpec 
 ); 
 var 
  
 dataSource 
  
 = 
  
 dataSourceSheet 
 . 
 getDataSource 
 ();

    Looker

    To add a Looker data source to a spreadsheet, insert a data source sheet with a data source spec. The data source sheet is automatically refreshed to fetch preview data.

    Replace <INSTANCE_URL> , <MODEL_NAME> , <EXPLORE_NAME> in the following sample with a valid Looker instance URL, model name and explore name respectively.

      // 
  
 For 
  
 operations 
  
 that 
  
 fetch 
  
 data 
  
 from 
  
 Looker 
 , 
  
 enableLookerExecution 
 () 
  
 must 
  
 be 
  
 called 
 . 
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 enableLookerExecution 
 (); 
 var 
  
 spreadsheet 
  
 = 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 create 
 ( 
 'Test connected sheets' 
 ); 
 Logger 
 . 
 log 
 ( 
 'New test spreadsheet: 
 %s 
 ' 
 , 
  
 spreadsheet 
 . 
 getUrl 
 ()); 
 // 
  
 Build 
  
 data 
  
 source 
  
 spec 
  
 by 
  
 selecting 
  
 a 
  
 table 
 . 
 var 
  
 dataSourceSpec 
  
 = 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 newDataSourceSpec 
 () 
  
 . 
 asLooker 
 () 
  
 . 
 setInstanceUrl 
 ( 
 '<INSTANCE_URL>' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 setModelName 
 ( 
 '<MODEL_NAME>' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 setExploreName 
 ( 
 '<EXPLORE_NAME>' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 build 
 (); 
 // 
  
 Add 
  
 data 
  
 source 
  
 and 
  
 its 
  
 associated 
  
 data 
  
 source 
  
 sheet 
 . 
 var 
  
 dataSourceSheet 
  
 = 
  
 spreadsheet 
 . 
 insertDataSourceSheet 
 ( 
 dataSourceSpec 
 ); 
 var 
  
 dataSource 
  
 = 
  
 dataSourceSheet 
 . 
 getDataSource 
 ();

    Add a data source object

    Once the data source is added to the spreadsheet, data source objects can be created from the data source. In this example, a pivot table is created using DataSourcePivotTable on the BigQuery dataSource created in the code sample which adds a BigQuery datasource .

    Unlike regular data in grid sheets that are referenced by cell index or A1 notations, data from data sources are usually referenced by column names. Therefore, most property setters on data source objects use column name as input.

      var 
  
 rootCell 
  
 = 
  
 spreadsheet 
 . 
 insertSheet 
 ( 
 'pivotTableSheet' 
 ) 
 . 
 getRange 
 ( 
 'A1' 
 ); 
 // 
  
 Add 
  
 data 
  
 source 
  
 pivot 
  
 table 
  
 and 
  
 set 
  
 data 
  
 source 
  
 specific 
  
 configurations 
 . 
 var 
  
 dataSourcePivotTable 
  
 = 
  
 rootCell 
 . 
 createDataSourcePivotTable 
 ( 
 dataSource 
 ); 
 var 
  
 rowGroup 
  
 = 
  
 dataSourcePivotTable 
 . 
 addRowGroup 
 ( 
 'season' 
 ); 
 rowGroup 
 . 
 sortDescending 
 () 
 . 
 setGroupLimit 
 ( 
 5 
 ); 
 dataSourcePivotTable 
 . 
 addColumnGroup 
 ( 
 'win_school_ncaa' 
 ); 
 dataSourcePivotTable 
 . 
 addPivotValue 
 ( 
 'win_pts' 
 , 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 PivotTableSummarizeFunction 
 . 
 AVERAGE 
 ); 
 dataSourcePivotTable 
 . 
 addPivotValue 
 ( 
 'game_date' 
 , 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 PivotTableSummarizeFunction 
 . 
 COUNTA 
 ); 
 var 
  
 filterCriteria 
  
 = 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 newFilterCriteria 
 () 
  
 . 
 whenTextEqualToAny 
 ([ 
 'Duke' 
 , 
  
 'North Carolina' 
 ]) 
  
 . 
 build 
 (); 
 dataSourcePivotTable 
 . 
 addFilter 
 ( 
 'win_school_ncaa' 
 , 
  
 filterCriteria 
 ); 
 // 
  
 Get 
  
 a 
  
 regular 
  
 pivot 
  
 table 
  
 instance 
  
 and 
  
 set 
  
 shared 
  
 configurations 
 . 
 var 
  
 pivotTable 
  
 = 
  
 dataSourcePivotTable 
 . 
 asPivotTable 
 (); 
 pivotTable 
 . 
 setValuesDisplayOrientation 
 ( 
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 Dimension 
 . 
 ROWS 
 );

    Refresh a data source object

    You can refresh data source objects to fetch the latest data from BigQuery based on the data source specs and object configurations.

    The process to refresh data is asynchronous. To refresh a data source object, use the following methods:

    1. refreshData() starts the data refresh execution.
    2. waitForCompletion() returns the end state once the data execution is completed. This eliminates the need to keep polling the execution status.
    3. DataExecutionStatus.getErrorCode() gets the error code in case the data execution fails.

    The sample below illustrates a refresh of the pivot table data:

      var 
  
 status 
  
 = 
  
 dataSourcePivotTable 
 . 
 getStatus 
 (); 
 Logger 
 . 
 log 
 ( 
 'Initial state: 
 %s 
 ' 
 , 
  
 status 
 . 
 getExecutionState 
 ()); 
 dataSourcePivotTable 
 . 
 refreshData 
 (); 
 status 
  
 = 
  
 dataSourcePivotTable 
 . 
 waitForCompletion 
 ( 
 /* 
  
 timeoutInSeconds 
 = 
  
 */ 
  
 60 
 ); 
 Logger 
 . 
 log 
 ( 
 'Ending state: 
 %s 
 ' 
 , 
  
 status 
 . 
 getExecutionState 
 ()); 
 if 
  
 ( 
 status 
 . 
 getExecutionState 
 () 
  
 == 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 DataExecutionState 
 . 
 ERROR 
 ) 
  
 { 
  
 Logger 
 . 
 log 
 ( 
 'Error: 
 %s 
 ( 
 %s 
 )' 
 , 
  
 status 
 . 
 getErrorCode 
 (), 
  
 status 
 . 
 getErrorMessage 
 ()); 
 }

    Use triggers with Connected Sheets

    Automate your Connected Sheets data source functions with triggers and events . For example, use time-driven triggers to refresh data source objects repeatedly at a specific time, and use spreadsheet event triggers to trigger data execution on a predefined event.

    The following sample adds a BigQuery data source with a query parameter and refreshes the data source sheet when the query parameter is edited.

    Replace <YOUR_PROJECT_ID> below with a valid Google Cloud project ID.

      // 
  
 Add 
  
 data 
  
 source 
  
 with 
  
 query 
  
 parameter 
 . 
 function 
  
 addDataSource 
 () 
  
 { 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 enableBigQueryExecution 
 (); 
  
 var 
  
 spreadsheet 
  
 = 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 getActive 
 (); 
  
 // 
  
 Add 
  
 a 
  
 new 
  
 sheet 
  
 and 
  
 use 
  
 A1 
  
 cell 
  
 as 
  
 the 
  
 parameter 
  
 cell 
 . 
  
 var 
  
 parameterCell 
  
 = 
  
 spreadsheet 
 . 
 insertSheet 
 ( 
 'parameterSheet' 
 ). 
 getRange 
 ( 
 'A1' 
 ); 
 parameterCell 
 . 
 set 
 Value 
 ( 
 'Duke' 
 ); 
  
 // 
  
 Add 
  
 data 
  
 source 
  
 with 
  
 query 
  
 parameter 
 . 
  
 var 
  
 dataSourceSpec 
  
 = 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 newDataSourceSpec 
 () 
  
 . 
 asBigQuery 
 () 
  
 . 
 set 
 ProjectId 
 ( 
 '<YOUR_PROJECT_ID>' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 set 
 RawQuery 
 ( 
 'select * from `bigquery-public-data`.`ncaa_basketball`.`mbb_historical_tournament_games` WHERE win_school_ncaa = @SCHOOL' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 set 
 ParameterFromCell 
 ( 
 'SCHOOL' 
 , 
  
 'parameterSheet!A1' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 build 
 (); 
  
 var 
  
 dataSourceSheet 
  
 = 
  
 spreadsheet 
 . 
 insertDataSourceSheet 
 ( 
 dataSourceSpec 
 ); 
  
 dataSourceSheet 
 . 
 asSheet 
 (). 
 set 
 Name 
 ( 
 'ncaa_data' 
 ); 
 } 
 // 
  
 Function 
  
 used 
  
 to 
  
 configure 
  
 event 
  
 trigger 
  
 to 
  
 refresh 
  
 data 
  
 source 
  
 sheet 
 . 
 function 
  
 refreshOnParameterEdit 
 ( 
 e 
 ) 
  
 { 
  
 var 
  
 editedRange 
  
 = 
  
 e 
 . 
 range 
 ; 
 if 
  
 ( 
 editedRange 
 . 
 getSheet 
 (). 
 getName 
 () 
  
 != 
  
 'parameterSheet' 
 ) 
  
 { 
  
 return 
 ; 
 } 
 // 
  
 Check 
  
 that 
  
 the 
  
 edited 
  
 range 
  
 includes 
  
 A1 
 . 
 if 
  
 ( 
 editedRange 
 . 
 getRow 
 () 
 > 
 1 
  
 || 
  
 editedRange 
 . 
 getColumn 
 () 
 > 
 1 
 ) 
  
 { 
  
 return 
 ; 
 } 
  
 var 
  
 spreadsheet 
  
 = 
  
 e 
 . 
 source 
 ; 
  
 SpreadsheetApp 
 . 
 enableBigQueryExecution 
 (); 
  
 spreadsheet 
 . 
 getSheetByName 
 ( 
 'ncaa_data' 
 ). 
 asDataSourceSheet 
 (). 
 refreshData 
 (); 
 }

    In the above sample, the addDataSource() function adds a data source to the spreadsheet. After you execute addDataSource() , create an event trigger in the Apps Script editor. To learn how to create an event trigger, see Installable triggers .

    Select the following options for your trigger:

    • Event source: From spreadsheet
    • Event type: On edit
    • Function to run: refreshOnParameterEdit

    Once the trigger is created, the data source sheet refreshes automatically every time the parameter cell is edited.

    Troubleshoot

    Error message Resolution
    Use enableBigQuery() to enable data executions for BIGQUERY data sources. This error indicates that SpreadsheetApp.enableBigQueryExecution() is not called before fetching BigQuery data.
    Call SpreadsheetApp.enableBigQueryExecution() in functions that use methods for BigQuery execution.
    Such as, refreshData() on data source objects, Spreadsheet.insertDataSourceTable() , and DataSource.updateSpec() .
    These methods require an additional bigquery.readonly OAuth scope to work.
    Not permitted to act on data sources.
    Please contact your administrator to enable the feature.    		 This error indicates that the account doesn’t have Connected Sheets enabled.
    Connected Sheets is only available to Google Workspace users with certain subscriptions.
    Contact your administrator to enable the feature.
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