Access the Airflow database

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This page explains how to connect to a Cloud SQL instance that runs the Airflow database of your Cloud Composer environment and run SQL queries.

For example, you might want to run queries directly on the Airflow database, make database backups, gather statistics based on the database content, or retrieve any other custom information from the database.

Before you begin

Run a SQL query on the Airflow database

To connect to the Airflow database:

1. Create a DAG with one or more SQLExecuteQueryOperator operators. To get started, you can use the example DAG.

2. In the sql parameter of the operator, specify your SQL query.

3. Upload this DAG to your environment.

4. Trigger the DAG, for example, you can do it manually or wait until it runs on a schedule.

Example DAG:

  import 
  
 datetime 
 import 
  
 os 
 import 
  
 airflow 
 from 
  
 airflow.providers.common.sql.operators.sql 
  
 import 
 SQLExecuteQueryOperator 
 SQL_DATABASE 
 = 
 os 
 . 
 environ 
 [ 
 "SQL_DATABASE" 
 ] 
 with 
 airflow 
 . 
 DAG 
 ( 
 "airflow_db_connection_example" 
 , 
 start_date 
 = 
 datetime 
 . 
 datetime 
 ( 
 2025 
 , 
 1 
 , 
 1 
 ), 
 schedule 
 = 
 None 
 , 
 catchup 
 = 
 False 
 ) 
 as 
 dag 
 : 
 SQLExecuteQueryOperator 
 ( 
 task_id 
 = 
 "run_airflow_db_query" 
 , 
 dag 
 = 
 dag 
 , 
 conn_id 
 = 
 "airflow_db" 
 , 
 database 
 = 
 SQL_DATABASE 
 , 
 sql 
 = 
 "SELECT * FROM dag LIMIT 10;" 
 , 
 ) 
 

For more information about using the SQLExecuteQueryOperator, see the How-to Guide for Postgres using SQLExecuteQueryOperator in the Airflow documentation.

Dump database contents and transfer them to a bucket

What's next

• Access Airflow REST API
• Run Airflow CLI commands