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This page describes the drivers that are supported for Spanner for
GoogleSQL-dialect databases and PostgreSQL-dialect databases.
Google supports open-source Spanner drivers for several popular
object-relational mapping libraries (ORMs) and frameworks. These drivers allow
the use of Spanner databases through APIs defined by those
frameworks.
The following tables list all the open-source ORMs and drivers that are
supported for Spanner and the features that each one supports.
There is one table for each supported SQL dialect.
You can also use the Spanner client libraries to access the
Spanner API. For more information, seeSpanner client libraries.
* This column describes R2DBC when used specifically with Spring Data. † Available only when sending literal SQL queries, by using the Spring Data@Queryannotation.
PostgreSQL drivers and ORMs
All PostgreSQL drivers require the PGAdapter proxy to be
running. For more information, seeAbout PGAdapter.
[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-09-04 UTC."],[],[],null,["# Overview of drivers\n\nThis page describes the drivers that are supported for Spanner for\nGoogleSQL-dialect databases and PostgreSQL-dialect databases.\n\nGoogle supports open-source Spanner drivers for several popular\nobject-relational mapping libraries (ORMs) and frameworks. These drivers allow\nthe use of Spanner databases through APIs defined by those\nframeworks.\n\nThe following tables list all the open-source ORMs and drivers that are\nsupported for Spanner and the features that each one supports.\nThere is one table for each supported SQL dialect.\n\nYou can also use the Spanner client libraries to access the\nSpanner API. For more information, see\n[Spanner client libraries](/spanner/docs/reference/libraries).\n\n### GoogleSQL drivers and ORMs\n\n\\* This column describes R2DBC when used specifically with Spring Data. \n\n† Available only when sending literal SQL queries, by using the Spring Data\n`@Query` annotation.\n\n### PostgreSQL drivers and ORMs\n\nAll PostgreSQL drivers require the PGAdapter proxy to be\nrunning. For more information, see [About PGAdapter](/spanner/docs/pgadapter)."]]
