VNP21A1D.002: Day Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Daily 1km

Page Summary

The VNP21A1D dataset provides daily Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity data from the NASA Suomi NPP VIIRS instrument.
This dataset is available from 2012-01-19 to 2025-10-15 and is updated daily.
The product is compiled from daytime Level 2 Gridded data, with LST values estimated by averaging cloud-free observations with good accuracy.
Key bands include daily 1 km Land Surface Temperature, Quality Control information, and emissivities.
The data is freely accessible, and users are requested to cite the datasets when publishing.

Dataset Availability: 2012-01-19T00:00:00Z–2025-12-15T00:00:00Z
Dataset Provider: NASA LP DAAC at the USGS EROS Center

Cadence: 1 Day
Tags: climate daily day land nasa noaa surface temperature viirs

Description

The NASA Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Day Version 1 product (VNP21A1D) is compiled daily from daytime Level 2 Gridded (L2G) intermediate products.

The L2G process maps the daily VNP21 swath granules onto a sinusoidal MODIS grid and stores all observations overlapping a gridded cell for a given day. The VNP21A1 algorithm sorts through all these observations for each cell and estimates the final LST value as an average from all cloud-free observations that have good LST accuracies. Only observations having observation coverage more than a certain threshold (15%) are considered for this averaging.

Documentation:

Bands

Pixel Size 1000 meters

Bands

Name

Units

Pixel Size

Description

LST_1KM

meters

Daily 1 km Land Surface Temperature.

QC

meters

Daily Quality control for LST and emissivity

Bitmask for QC

Bits 0-1: Mandatory QA flags
- 0: Pixel produced, good quality, no further QA info necessary
- 1: Pixel produced but unreliable quality
- 2: Pixel not produced due to cloud
- 3: Pixel not produced due to reasons other than cloud
Bits 2-3: Data quality flag
- 0: Good data quality of L1B bands 14, 15, 16
- 1: Missing pixel
- 2: Fairly calibrated
- 3: Poorly calibrated, TES processing skipped
Bits 4-5: Cloud Flag
- 0: Cloud-free
- 1: Thin cirrus
- 2: Pixel within 2 pixels of nearest cloud
- 3: Cloudy pixels
Bits 6-7: Iterations
- 0: Slow convergence
- 1: Nominal
- 2: Nominal
- 3: Fast
Bits 8-9: Atmospheric Opacity
- 0: ≥3 (Warm, humid air; or cold land)
- 1: 0.2 - 0.3 (Nominal value)
- 2: 0.1 - 0.2 (Nominal value)
- 3: <0.1 (Dry, or high altitude pixel)
Bits 10-11: MMD
- 0: >0.15 (Most silicate rocks)
- 1: 0.1 - 0.15 (Rocks, sand, some soils)
- 2: 0.03 - 0.1 (Mostly soils, mixed pixel)
- 3: <0.03 (Vegetation, snow, water, ice, some soils)
Bits 12-13: Emissivity accuracy
- 0: >0.02 (Poor performance)
- 1: 0.015 - 0.02 (Marginal performance)
- 2: 0.01 - 0.015 (Good performance)
- 3: <0.01 (Excellent performance)
Bits 14-15: LST accuracy
- 0: >2K (Poor performance)
- 1: 1.5 - 2K (Marginal performance)
- 2: 1 - 1.5K (Good performance)
- 3: <1K (Excellent performance)

Emis_14

meters

Daily M14 emissivity

Emis_15

meters

Daily M15 emissivity

Emis_16

meters

Daily M16 emissivity

View_Angle

deg

meters

View zenith angle of LST

View_Time

meters

Time of LST observation

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

LP DAAC NASA data are freely accessible; however, when an author publishes these data or works based on the data, it is requested that the author cite the datasets within the text of the publication and include a reference to them in the reference list.

Citations

Please visit LP DAAC 'Citing Our Data' page for information on citing LP DAAC datasets.

DOIs

https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP21A1D.002

Explore with Earth Engine

Code Editor (JavaScript)

 var 
  
 dataset 
  
 = 
  
 ee 
 . 
 ImageCollection 
 ( 
 'NASA/VIIRS/002/VNP21A1D' 
 ) 
  
 . 
 filter 
 ( 
 ee 
 . 
 Filter 
 . 
 date 
 ( 
 '2022-11-01' 
 , 
  
 '2022-12-01' 
 )); 
 var 
  
 visualization 
  
 = 
  
 { 
  
 bands 
 : 
  
 [ 
 'LST_1KM' 
 ], 
  
 min 
 : 
  
 [ 
 150 
 ], 
  
 max 
 : 
  
 [ 
 300 
 ], 
  
 palette 
 : 
  
 [ 
  
 'a50026' 
 , 
  
 'd73027' 
 , 
  
 'f46d43' 
 , 
  
 'fdae61' 
 , 
  
 'fee08b' 
 , 
  
 'ffffbf' 
 , 
  
 'd9ef8b' 
 , 
  
 'a6d96a' 
 , 
  
 '66bd63' 
 , 
  
 '1a9850' 
 , 
  
 '006837' 
 , 
  
 ] 
 }; 
 Map 
 . 
 setCenter 
 ( 
 41.2 
 , 
  
 38.84 
 , 
  
 3 
 ); 
 Map 
 . 
 addLayer 
 ( 
 dataset 
 , 
  
 visualization 
 , 
  
 'LST' 
 );

Open in Code Editor

VNP21A1D.002: Day Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Daily 1km

NASA/VIIRS/002/VNP21A1D, climate,daily,day,land,nasa,noaa,surface,temperature,viirs

2012-01-19T00:00:00Z/2025-12-15T00:00:00Z

-90 -180 90 180

Google Earth Engine

https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets

VNP21A1D.002: Day Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Daily 1km Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences.

Page Summary

Description

Bands

Terms of Use

Citations

DOIs

Explore with Earth Engine

Code Editor (JavaScript)

VNP21A1D.002: Day Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Daily 1km