Blog Studio Go to console

    Send a test message to a backgrounded Apple app

    To get started with FCM , build out the simplest use case: sending a test notification message from the Notifications composer to a development device when the app is in the background on the device. This page lists all the steps to achieve this, from setup to verification — it may cover steps you already completed if you have set up an Apple client app for FCM .

    Add Firebase to your Apple project

    This section covers tasks you may have completed if you have already enabled other Firebase features for your app. For FCM specifically, you'll need to upload your APNs authentication key and register for remote notifications .

    Prerequisites

    • Install the following:

      • Xcode 16.2 or later

    • Make sure that your project meets these requirements:

      • Your project must target these platform versions or later:
        • iOS 13
        • macOS 10.15
        • tvOS 13
        • watchOS 7

    • Set up a physical Apple device to run your app, and complete these tasks:

      • Obtain an Apple Push Notification Authentication Key for your Apple Developer account .
      • Enable Push Notifications in XCode under App > Capabilities.

    If you don't already have an Xcode project and just want to try out a Firebase product, you can download one of our quickstart samples .

    Create a Firebase project

    Before you can add Firebase to your Apple app, you need to create a Firebase project to connect to your app. Visit Understand Firebase Projects to learn more about Firebase projects.

    Register your app with Firebase

    To use Firebase in your Apple app, you need to register your app with your Firebase project. Registering your app is often called "adding" your app to your project.

    1. Go to the Firebase console .

    2. In the center of the project overview page, click the iOS+icon to launch the setup workflow.

      If you've already added an app to your Firebase project, click Add appto display the platform options.

    3. Enter your app's bundle ID in the bundle IDfield.

      What's a bundle ID, and where do you find it?

      • A bundle ID uniquely identifies an application in Apple's ecosystem.

      • Find your bundle ID: open your project in Xcode, select the top-level app in the project navigator, then select the Generaltab.

        The value of the Bundle Identifierfield is the bundle ID (for example, com.yourcompany.yourproject ).

      • Be aware that the bundle ID value is case-sensitive, and it cannot be changed for this Firebase app after it's registered with your Firebase project.

  • (Optional) Enter other app information: App nicknameand App Store ID.

    How are the App nickname and the App Store ID used within Firebase?

  • Click Register app.

    • Add a Firebase configuration file

    1. Click Download GoogleService-Info.plistto obtain your app's Firebase config file ( GoogleService-Info.plist ).

      What do you need to know about this config file?

      • The Firebase config file contains unique, but non-secret identifiers for your project and app. To learn more about this config file, visit Understand Firebase Projects .

      • You can download your Firebase config file again at any time.

      • Make sure the config file name is not appended with additional characters, like (2) .

    2. Move your config file into the root of your Xcode project. If prompted, select to add the config file to all targets.

    If you have multiple bundle IDs in your project, you must associate each bundle ID with a registered app in the Firebase console so that each app can have its own GoogleService-Info.plist file.

    Add Firebase SDKs to your app

    Use Swift Package Manager to install and manage Firebase dependencies.

    1. In Xcode, with your app project open, navigate to File > Add Packages .
    2. When prompted, add the Firebase Apple platforms SDK repository:
      3. https://github.com/firebase/firebase-ios-sdk.git
    3. Choose the Firebase Cloud Messaging library.
    4. Add the -ObjC flag to the Other Linker Flags section of your target's build settings.
    5. For an optimal experience with Firebase Cloud Messaging , we recommend enabling Google Analytics in your Firebase project and adding the Firebase SDK for Google Analytics to your app. You can select either the library without IDFA collection or with IDFA collection. See our FAQ on the latest organization of modules in the Google Analytics for Firebase SDK .
    6. When finished, Xcode will automatically begin resolving and downloading your dependencies in the background.

    Upload your APNs authentication key

    Upload your APNs authentication key to Firebase. If you don't already have an APNs authentication key, make sure to create one in the Apple Developer Member Center .

    1. Inside your project in the Firebase console, select the gear icon, select Project Settings, and then select the Cloud Messagingtab.

    2. In APNs authentication keyunder iOS app configuration, click the Uploadbutton to upload your development authentication key, or production authentication key, or both. At least one is required.

    3. Browse to the location where you saved your key, select it, and click Open. Add the key ID for the key (available in the Apple Developer Member Center ) and click Upload.

    Initialize Firebase in your app

    You'll need to add Firebase initialization code to your application. Import the Firebase module and configure a shared instance as shown:

    1. Import the FirebaseCore module in your UIApplicationDelegate , as well as any other Firebase modules your app delegate uses. For example, to use Cloud Firestore and Authentication :

      SwiftUI

       import 
  
 SwiftUI 
 import 
  
 FirebaseCore 
 import 
  
 FirebaseFirestore 
 import 
  
 FirebaseAuth 
 // ...

      Swift

       import 
  
 FirebaseCore 
 import 
  
 FirebaseFirestore 
 import 
  
 FirebaseAuth 
 // ...

      Objective-C

       @import 
  
 FirebaseCore 
 ; 
 @import 
  
 FirebaseFirestore 
 ; 
 @import 
  
 FirebaseAuth 
 ; 
 // ...
    2. Configure a FirebaseApp shared instance in your app delegate's application(_:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:) method:

      SwiftUI

       // Use Firebase library to configure APIs 
 FirebaseApp 
 . 
 configure 
 ()

      Swift

       // Use Firebase library to configure APIs 
 FirebaseApp 
 . 
 configure 
 ()

      Objective-C

       // Use Firebase library to configure APIs 
 [ 
 FIRApp 
  
 configure 
 ];
    3. If you're using SwiftUI, you must create an application delegate and attach it to your App struct via UIApplicationDelegateAdaptor or NSApplicationDelegateAdaptor . You must also disable app delegate swizzling. For more information, see the SwiftUI instructions .

      SwiftUI

       @ 
 main 
 struct 
  
 YourApp 
 : 
  
 App 
  
 { 
  
 // register app delegate for Firebase setup 
  
 @ 
 UIApplicationDelegateAdaptor 
 ( 
 AppDelegate 
 . 
 self 
 ) 
  
 var 
  
 delegate 
  
 var 
  
 body 
 : 
  
 some 
  
 Scene 
  
 { 
  
 WindowGroup 
  
 { 
  
 NavigationView 
  
 { 
  
 ContentView 
 () 
  
 } 
  
 } 
  
 } 
 }

    Register for remote notifications

    Either at startup, or at the desired point in your application flow, register your app for remote notifications. Call registerForRemoteNotifications as shown:

    Swift

     UNUserNotificationCenter 
 . 
 current 
 (). 
 delegate 
  
 = 
  
 self 
 let 
  
 authOptions 
 : 
  
 UNAuthorizationOptions 
  
 = 
  
 [. 
 alert 
 , 
  
 . 
 badge 
 , 
  
 . 
 sound 
 ] 
 UNUserNotificationCenter 
 . 
 current 
 (). 
 requestAuthorization 
 ( 
  
 options 
 : 
  
 authOptions 
 , 
  
 completionHandler 
 : 
  
 { 
  
 _ 
 , 
  
 _ 
  
 in 
  
 } 
 ) 
 application 
 . 
 registerForRemoteNotifications 
 () 
 
      AppDelegate 
 . 
 swift

    Objective-C

     [ 
 UNUserNotificationCenter 
  
 currentNotificationCenter 
 ]. 
 delegate 
  
 = 
  
 self 
 ; 
 UNAuthorizationOptions 
  
 authOptions 
  
 = 
  
 UNAuthorizationOptionAlert 
  
 | 
  
 UNAuthorizationOptionSound 
  
 | 
  
 UNAuthorizationOptionBadge 
 ; 
 [[ 
 UNUserNotificationCenter 
  
 currentNotificationCenter 
 ] 
  
 requestAuthorizationWithOptions 
 : 
 authOptions 
  
 completionHandler 
 : 
 ^ 
 ( 
 BOOL 
  
 granted 
 , 
  
 NSError 
  
 * 
  
 _Nullable 
  
 error 
 ) 
  
 { 
  
 // ... 
  
 }]; 
 [ 
 application 
  
 registerForRemoteNotifications 
 ]; 
 
      AppDelegate 
 . 
 m

    Access the registration token

    To send a message to a specific device, you need to know that device's registration token. Because you'll need to enter the token in a field in the Notifications composer to complete this tutorial, make sure to copy the token or securely store it after you retrieve it.

    By default, the FCM SDK generates a registration token for the client app instance on app launch. Similar to the APNs device token, this token allows you to send targeted notifications to any particular instance of your app.

    In the same way that Apple platforms typically deliver an APNs device token on app start, FCM provides a registration token via FIRMessagingDelegate 's messaging:didReceiveRegistrationToken: method. The FCM SDK retrieves a new or existing token during initial app launch and whenever the token is updated or invalidated. In all cases, the FCM SDK calls messaging:didReceiveRegistrationToken: with a valid token.

    The registration token may change when:

    • The app is restored on a new device
    • The user uninstalls/reinstall the app
    • The user clears app data.

    Set the messaging delegate

    To receive registration tokens, implement the messaging delegate protocol and set FIRMessaging 's delegate property after calling [FIRApp configure] . For example, if your application delegate conforms to the messaging delegate protocol, you can set the delegate on application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: to itself.

    Swift

     Messaging 
 . 
 messaging 
 (). 
 delegate 
  
 = 
  
 self

    Objective-C

     [ 
 FIRMessaging 
  
 messaging 
 ]. 
 delegate 
  
 = 
  
 self 
 ;

    Fetching the current registration token

    Registration tokens are delivered via the method messaging:didReceiveRegistrationToken: . This method is called generally once per app start with registration token. When this method is called, it is the ideal time to:

    • If the registration token is new, send it to your application server.
    • Subscribe the registration token to topics. This is required only for new subscriptions or for situations where the user has re-installed the app.

    You can retrieve the token directly using token(completion:) . A non null error is provided if the token retrieval failed in any way.

    Swift

     Messaging 
 . 
 messaging 
 (). 
 token 
  
 { 
  
 token 
 , 
  
 error 
  
 in 
  
 if 
  
 let 
  
 error 
  
 = 
  
 error 
  
 { 
  
 print 
 ( 
 "Error fetching FCM registration token: 
 \( 
 error 
 ) 
 " 
 ) 
  
 } 
  
 else 
  
 if 
  
 let 
  
 token 
  
 = 
  
 token 
  
 { 
  
 print 
 ( 
 "FCM registration token: 
 \( 
 token 
 ) 
 " 
 ) 
  
 self 
 . 
 fcmRegTokenMessage 
 . 
 text 
  
 = 
  
 "Remote FCM registration token: 
 \( 
 token 
 ) 
 " 
  
 } 
 }

    Objective-C

     [[ 
 FIRMessaging 
  
 messaging 
 ] 
  
 tokenWithCompletion 
 :^ 
 ( 
 NSString 
  
 * 
 token 
 , 
  
 NSError 
  
 * 
 error 
 ) 
  
 { 
  
 if 
  
 ( 
 error 
  
 != 
  
 nil 
 ) 
  
 { 
  
 NSLog 
 ( 
 @"Error getting FCM registration token: %@" 
 , 
  
 error 
 ); 
  
 } 
  
 else 
  
 { 
  
 NSLog 
 ( 
 @"FCM registration token: %@" 
 , 
  
 token 
 ); 
  
 self 
 . 
 fcmRegTokenMessage 
 . 
 text 
  
 = 
  
 token 
 ; 
  
 } 
 }];

    You can use this method at any time to access the token instead of storing it.

    Monitor token refresh

    To be notified whenever the token is updated, supply a delegate conforming to the messaging delegate protocol. The following example registers the delegate and adds the proper delegate method:

    Swift

     func 
  
 messaging 
 ( 
 _ 
  
 messaging 
 : 
  
 Messaging 
 , 
  
 didReceiveRegistrationToken 
  
 fcmToken 
 : 
  
 String 
 ?) 
  
 { 
  
 print 
 ( 
 "Firebase registration token: 
 \( 
 String 
 ( 
 describing 
 : 
  
 fcmToken 
 )) 
 " 
 ) 
  
 let 
  
 dataDict 
 : 
  
 [ 
 String 
 : 
  
 String 
 ] 
  
 = 
  
 [ 
 "token" 
 : 
  
 fcmToken 
  
 ?? 
  
 "" 
 ] 
  
 NotificationCenter 
 . 
 default 
 . 
 post 
 ( 
  
 name 
 : 
  
 Notification 
 . 
 Name 
 ( 
 "FCMToken" 
 ), 
  
 object 
 : 
  
 nil 
 , 
  
 userInfo 
 : 
  
 dataDict 
  
 ) 
  
 // TODO: If necessary send token to application server. 
  
 // Note: This callback is fired at each app startup and whenever a new token is generated. 
 } 
 
      AppDelegate 
 . 
 swift

    Objective-C

     - 
 ( 
 void 
 ) 
 messaging: 
 ( 
 FIRMessaging 
  
 * 
 ) 
 messaging 
  
 didReceiveRegistrationToken: 
 ( 
 NSString 
  
 * 
 ) 
 fcmToken 
  
 { 
  
 NSLog 
 ( 
 @"FCM registration token: %@" 
 , 
  
 fcmToken 
 ); 
  
 // Notify about received token. 
  
 NSDictionary 
  
 * 
 dataDict 
  
 = 
  
 [ 
 NSDictionary 
  
 dictionaryWithObject 
 : 
 fcmToken 
  
 forKey 
 : 
 @"token" 
 ]; 
  
 [[ 
 NSNotificationCenter 
  
 defaultCenter 
 ] 
  
 postNotificationName 
 : 
  
 @"FCMToken" 
  
 object 
 : 
 nil 
  
 userInfo 
 : 
 dataDict 
 ]; 
  
 // TODO: If necessary send token to application server. 
  
 // Note: This callback is fired at each app startup and whenever a new token is generated. 
 } 
 
      AppDelegate 
 . 
 m

    Alternatively, you can listen for an NSNotification named kFIRMessagingRegistrationTokenRefreshNotification rather than supplying a delegate method. The token property always has the current token value.

    Send a notification message

    1. Install and run the app on the target device. On Apple devices, you'll need to accept the request for permission to receive remote notifications.

    2. Make sure the app is in the background on the device.

    3. In the Firebase console, open the Messaging page .

    4. If this is your first message, select Create your first campaign.

      1. Select Firebase Notification messagesand select Create.

    5. Otherwise, on the Campaignstab, select New campaignand then Notifications.

    6. Enter the message text. All other fields are optional.

    7. Select Send test messagefrom the right pane.

    8. In the field labeled Add an FCM registration token, enter the registration token you obtained in a previous section of this guide.

    9. Select Test.

    After you select Test, the targeted client device (with the app in the background) should receive the notification.

    For insight into message delivery to your app, see the FCM reporting dashboard , which records the number of messages sent and opened on Apple and Android devices, along with data for "impressions" (notifications seen by users) for Android apps.

    Next steps

    To go beyond notification messages and add other, more advanced behavior to your app, see:

    Design a Mobile Site
    View Site in Mobile | Classic
    Share by: