Researchers in Japan build phone-linked sensor that detects 'forever chemicals' in water
When connected to a small sensor, a smartphone could make testing drinking water for "forever chemicals" much easier.
Researchers in Japan say they have developed a device that can detect two concerning contaminants at concentrations measured in parts per trillion, potentially making water checks more accessible.
Here's what to know
Researchers at Japan's Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology have released a report on their new platform for testing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, in water.
Published in October in the journal Biosensors and Bioelectronics, the report describes a portable, hand-held tool that may be used to improve mobile testing of drinking water supplies for the "forever chemicals" known to persist in habitats and human bodies for long periods.
The device identifies contaminants in a water sample using materials built to target specific chemical compounds. Known as molecularly imprinted polymers, or MIPs, these engineered materials function like synthetic antibodies, as described in an institute press release.
The tool "detects PFAS by measuring changes in electrical current as target molecules bind to a sensor coated with PFAS-specific MIPs," according to the release. "The greater the change in electrical current, the higher the PFAS concentration is in the water sample."
Digital Trends reported that the device detected PFOA and PFOS — two types of PFAS — at levels as low as 1.11 parts per trillion and 1.63 parts per trillion, respectively.
More background
Forever chemicals are commonly found in a range of products, including firefighting foams, food packaging, nonstick cookware, treated fabrics, and self-care items.
Exposure to certain levels of the compounds has been linked to reproductive health concerns, developmental delays, immune dysfunction, and heightened cancer risks.
Regular PFAS monitoring can be costly and inconvenient because it relies on specialized laboratory instruments. Portable innovations could help to improve access to testing.
How did they make it?
In addition to developing the sensing materials, the team at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology used a manufacturing approach that could help lower testing costs.
Researchers reportedly used screen printing to produce 100 disposable electrodes on reused fabric in a matter of hours. "These were then coated with PFAS-specific MIPs," according to the release, and connected to a small, commercially available instrument, known as a potentiostat to take readings and send them to a laptop or smartphone.
Where can I learn more?
Other efforts are being made to help communities spot PFAS in drinking water:
• In a study conducted in New Jersey, an overlooked forever chemical appeared in 91% of tap water samples.
• California engineers looked at how UV light may destroy PFAS in water, exploring a potential treatment approach.
• U.S. experts say PFAS and well water risks can warrant filters, despite generally safe tap water.
• A Minnesota city sued a manufacturer, alleging its pollution tainted five drinking water wells with forever chemicals.
• North Carolina residents sued local governments and companies over PFAS in well water and soil.
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