Citing Sources in MLA: New For 9th Edition

NEW:9th Edition introduces many more examples and types of sources than 8th Edition. Added are examples of where citation information is typically found in a given source, and longer explanations of what each element of a citation is. Also added:

• pseudonyms and authors publishing under multiple names
• more guidelines for descriptions in place of titles
• how to cite items in apps
• when a website is a container and when it is not
• when to include contributors and how to style when multiple people have the same role
• more types of sources that may have versions, such as e-books. 
• more guidelines on what counts as a publisher
• how to list divisions of organizations or governments as publishers
• what counts as a date outside traditional publishing
• greater clarity on when and when not to include locations, including URLs

Changed:

• Cite government entities as found in the source, and use agency names as authors, including for legal material. In 8th Edition government entities were consolidated by government, and legal sources were cited without an author.
• Seasons in date elements, such as (spring 2020) are now lowercase. 
• Format DOIs to begin with https://doi.org. In 8th Edition they were formatted to begin with DOI: