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    Citing Sources in Turabian: Note and Bibliography Examples

    Getting Started With Notes and Bibliographies

    Turabian( A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Kate L. Turabian) has two styles, author-date style and notes-bibliography style. Turabian generally follows the Chicago Manual of Style  citation rules with some modifications specific to student writing. GCU uses only the notes-bibliography style.

    Turabian has two main divisions in source types:

    • Sources that require both a note and a bibliography entry.
    • Sources that may be cited only in notes, and omitted from the bibliography.
      • Sources that are usually cited only in notes may have a bibliography entry if they are crucial to the paper or cited frequently in it.

    Need help adding footnotes in Word? See the instructions from Microsoft .

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    Notes

    In the examples provided in this guide, select citations include three variations as an example of how to shorten notes:

    1. Full footnote.
    2. Subsequent note of the same work if there are other works by the same author cited.
      • Depending on format, either:

    2. Author, Short Title , page number.

    or

    2. Author, "Short Title," page number.

    3. Subsequent note of the same work if there are not other works by the same author cited.

    3. Author, page number. 

    • This is the same for all formats.

    Full footnotes are used the first time a source is noted only; after the first time, short form notes are used.

    Short titles should be no more than four distinctive words. Omit leading articles such as "the". 

    Signed vs. Unsigned & Missing Authors or Dates

    Missing Authors: Signed vs. Unsigned Articles

    • Entries in references works such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, as well as commentaries, are either signed or unsigned.
    • A signed work includes an individual author name for each entry or article. 
      • Well-known reference works use a short citation. See examples in the  Classical Works & Well-Known Reference Books section on this page.
      • All other signed entries follow the  Chapters & Other Parts of Books formats. Additional instructions for adding series information for commentaries is in the  Commentaries, Series, & Multivolume Books. Notes in Study Bibles & Annotated Works section.
    • Unsigned works are missing individual named authors for each entry, but are still part of a book with complete information including editors. The format for these sources changes depending on if the work is a well-known reference work or not. 
      • Well-known reference works start the citation with the name of the work, omitting editors.
      • All other works, including commentaries, place the editors in the author position. 
    • Other works without authors, such as website articles, omit the author element and start with the article title. See examples in the  Webpages, Blogs, & Discussion Groups section. 

    Missing Dates

    • Print works with missing dates use "n.d." in place of the year.
    • Digital works use a date of access if undated. A date of access is the day you looked at the digital source to gather information from it. See examples in the  Webpages, Blogs, & Discussion Groups section. 

    Notes with Explanatory or Substantive Comments

    • Comments in notes should be sparing and intentional.
      • Points essential to your argument must be in the body.
      • Explanatory or substantive comments in notes should add important but not essential information.

    Note with a Comment:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name,  Title of Book: Subtitle if Present  (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited, URL or Platform for e-books. Comment goes here.

    •  The comment comes after the citation as a separate sentence, after the period.

    Note with a Quote:

    1. "Quotation from this source here." Author’s First and Last Name,  Title of Book,  edition # ed. (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited. URL or Platform for e-books.

    • If you include a quote from the source, start with the quote and begin the citation after the quote's ending punctuation. 

    Accordance Bible Software

    • Formats for books on the Accordance platform are the same for both the browser and app versions of Accordance.
    • Cite books contained in Accordance as texts in a database, following the formats for an ebook, chapter of a book, or commentary as outlined on this page, adding Accordance Bible Software as the "platform", similar to citations to Kindle books. The name "Accordance Bible Software" replaces the URL or Platform portion of the format.
      • For example, if you cited from the version of the Baker Illustrated Bible Commentary contained in Accordance:

      • Note:

        • ​Reggie M. Kidd, "1-2 Timothy and Titus," in The Baker illustrated Bible Commentary , ed. Gary M. Burge and Andre E. Hill (Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2012), 2024, Accordance Bible Software.

      • Bibliography entry:

        • Kidd, Reggie M. "1-2 Timothy and Titus," in The Baker illustrated Bible Commentary , edited by Gary M. Burge and Andre E. Hill, 2038-2080. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2012. Accordance Bible Software.

    • Cite Bible texts contained in Accordance as you normally would, stating the version (ESV, NASB, etc). It is not necessary to include the Accordance platform as chapter and verse are not platform dependent. 

    Sources Cited In the Text

    • Some source types need only be cited in notes or in the text as parenthetical citations and are not included in the bibliography, unless they will be cited frequently or are a critical part of your argument.
    • Parenthetical citations are part of the body text. Place them at the end of the sentence, before ending punctuation.
    • For the Bible, the version is only needed in the first citation or if versions are changed. You may also mention the version you will use throughout in a footnote on the first citation, i.e., "1. ESV is used in this paper unless otherwise noted."
    • Cite most personal communication—direct messages, emails, private posts—in text with a parenthetical citation. The information may also be incorporated into the text without citation.

    Bible

    • You may also incorporate the citation into the sentence narrative. If you do, do not abbreviate or italicize the book name. 
    • A complete list of abbreviations is available in the Turabian 9th Edition Style Guide.

    Format for Parenthetical Citation:

    (Abbreviation for Book Chapter #:Verse #(s) [Abbreviation for Version]).

    Example Parenthetical Citation:

    (Isa. 43:1-7 [ESV]).

    Examples of Narrative Citation:

    Paul speaks of Christ's humility in the second chapter of his letter to the Philippians, 

    Genesis 1 and 2 provide for the account of creation, especially the creation of humanity.

    According to Genesis 1:31 (NIV), at the end of creation, "God saw all that he had made, and it was very good."

    Personal Communication

    Format for Parenthetical Citation:

    (Conversation participants, Medium of communication, Month Day, Year)

    Example Citation:

    (Jane Doe to author, Twitter direct message, May 1, 2021)

    In a conversation through Twitter direct message on May 1, 2021, Jane Doe confirmed that…

    Social Media

    • Social media public posts may be cited with a note or just in the text.
    • Include the following parts:
      • The author of the post. Include both screen name and real name if both are known.
      • A quote of up to the first 160 characters of the post in place of a title. Use whatever capitalization the original post did.
      • What kind of post it is.
      • The date, including a time stamp if needed.
    • Include a URL if using a note. Use a note if it is important to link back to the original. URLs may be omitted in parenthetical citations.
      • For example, if you have reproduced the entire post, such as quoting an entire tweet, there is no need to link back.

    Parenthetical Citation Example:

    Springshare's Twitter likes to mix in riddles with posts like: "It is that time of the week again! Time for your weekly Wednesday riddle! What word is always spelled wrong?" (@Springsare, June 16, 2021).

    Note Format:

    1. Author First and Last Name (Screen Name), "160 characters of the post," Platform, Month Day, Year, HH:MM a.m./p.m., URL.

    Note Example:

    1. Alison Green (@AskAManager), "Is it better to take off 2 consecutive weeks or 1 week now and 1 week in a month? I normally tell people take 2 weeks together but now the thought of 1 week 2 months in a row sounds very appealing," Twitter, June 2, 2021, 10:12 p.m., https://twitter.com/AskAManager/status/1400319478542516227.

    Sources Cited Only in Notes

    Classical Work: Primary Source

    • Use the canonical numbering.
    • Don't use this form for works which do not have a standard number system that holds across editions or for translations. Those should be cited as books and included in the bibliography.

    Note Format:

    1. Author, Title Section number numerals and letters.

    Note Example:

    1. Augustine, De Doctrina Christiana 4.2.3.

    Well-Known Reference Works & Reviews

    • Cite entries in less well-known or specialized reference works using the chapter in an edited book format.

    Unsigned Entry in a Well-Known Reference Work

    • This is a typical citation for a biblical dictionary/lexicon entry. The letters s.v. are an abbreviation of sub verbo for "under the word."
    • For online reference works, include an access date if the work is undated and continuously updated, as in the Merriam-Webster example below. If an edition or publication is listed, include it and omit the access date.

    Note Format:

    1. Reference Work’s Title , edition # ed., s.v. "entry."

    1. Reference Work’s Title , s.v. "entry," accessed Month Day, Year, URL.

    Note Examples:

    1. The Macmillan Dictionary of the Bible , 2nd ed., s.v. "faith."

    2. Macmillan Dictionary .

    1. Merriam-Webster Dictionary , s.v. "theophany," accessed May 10, 2021, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/theophany.

    Signed Article Entry in a Well-Known Reference Work:

    Note Format:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, "Article Title," in Reference Work's Title , edition # ed.

    Note Example:

    1. Stanley D. Walters, "Jacob Narrative," in The Anchor Bible Dictionary , 3rd ed.

    Course Documents

    • Include an author’s name if present, otherwise begin with the title. Most course materials should be cited only in notes and will not have an author. Include as much of a date as given.

    Note Format:

    1. Individual Author’s First and Last Name, "Title of Document," (document type, Course, Grand Canyon University, Month Day, Year), URL.

    Note Example:

    1. "Topic 1 Overview: Being a Graduate Student at GCU," (PDF document, UNV-505: Introduction to Graduate Studies in Ministry and Theology, Grand Canyon University, 2021), https://halo.gcu.edu/.

    2. "Topic 1 Overview."

    Statutes

    • Statutes may be cited in notes to the Statutes at Large , the US Code , or by Public Law. Include NexisUni permalinks, or the URL of another official source, for digital editions.

    Note Format:

    1. Title of Statute, Public Law #, US Statutes at Large volume # (year): page(s) cited, codified at US Code volume # (year), §§ section # et seq., URL if online.

    Note Examples:

    1. Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law 107-296, US Statutes at Large 116 (2002): 2163-64, codified at US Code 6 (2002), §§ 101 et seq.

    2. Homeland Security Act, 2165.

    1. Internal Revenue Services Act of 1954, US Code 26 (2021), §§ 1402 et seq., https://advance-lexis-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/api/permalink/95a8d1d3-ebcd-4e7a-bba1-13454a81b170/?context=1516831.

    Legal Cases

    Note Format:

    1. Full Case Name , volume # Abbreviation for reporter (publication documenting legal decisions), opening page # of the decision, actual page cited (Abbreviated Name of the Court [if not in reporter name] and year), URL or Database permalink.

    Note Example:

    1. Winter v. NRDC, Inc. , 129 S. Ct. 365 (2008), https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/08pdf/07-1239.pdf.

    Newspaper or News Website Article

    Note Format:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, "Article Title," Newspaper Name , Month Day, Year, Edition if relevant, URL or Permalink if online.

    Note Example:

    1. Harry Bruinius, "Respect: Is It the Glue a Polarized Nation Needs?" Christian Science Monitor , May 5, 2021, https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=150134107&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=ehost.

    Book Review

    • Start all review notes with the reviewer's name and basic information about the thing being reviewed, then end with the publication details of where the review appeared.
    • The format below is for a book being reviewed in a journal, so the information needed is the book title and author, then the journal's information. Adapt the format according to the style of source being reviewed and the type of source publishing the review. For example, a movie review on a news website would list reviewer, movie title, and director, and then finish with the news format.

    Format for Note:

    1. Review Author’s First and Last Name, review of Title of Book by Author of Book First and Last Name, Journal Name volume #, no. issue # (Month/Season Year): page number(s) cited. URL if online.

    Note Example:

    1. Frank J. Matera, review of The Spirit and Christ in the New Testament and Christian Theology: Essays in Honor of Max Turner , ed. by Howard Marshall, Volker Rabens, and Conelis Bennema,  The Catholic Biblical Quarterly  76, no. 1 (January 2014): 184. 

    Bibliography Example if Needed:

    Matera, Frank J. Review of The Spirit and Christ in the New Testament and Christian Theology: Essays in Honor of Max Turner , edited by Howard Marshall, Volker Rabens, and Conelis Bennema.  The Catholic Biblical Quarterly  76, no. 1 (January 2014): 184-85.

    Images, Artwork, Photograph, or Graphic Art

    • If date of creation is approximate, use ca. (circa) before it.
    • Use accessed dates for undated material online.
    • Images reproduced in your paper require a figure caption instead of a note.

    Note Format:

    1. Name of Artist, Title of Artwork/Photograph , date of creation, medium, location of original, URL.

    1. Name of Creator [when possible], "title or caption," date of creation if stated, type of graphic or medium, Source or Website Name, date of source if present, accessed date if no other dates, URL.

    Note Examples for Images/Artwork/Photographs:

    1. Michelangelo, Creation of Adam , 1508-12, fresco, Sistine Chapel, Vatican, http://www.italianrenaissance.org/michelangelo-creation-of-adam/.

    1. Annie Griffiths Belt, J erusalem's Dome of the Rock , ca. 2014, photograph, National Geographic , http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/israel-guide/.

    Note Examples for Graphic Art:

    1. Dapa Images, "Business Chart," clipart, Canva, accessed May 6, 2021, https://www.canva.com/.

    1. "An American Presbyterian Family Tree," chart, Chronological and Background Charts of Church History , 2018, https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/zoncabcc/an_american_presbyterian_family_tree/0?institutionId=5865.

    Streaming Media, Videos, or Podcasts

    Note Format:

    • Include additional information, such as producers, directors, filming locations, or a series name, as relevant.

    1. First and Last Name of Author/Main Figures, "Title of Video or Podcast," production information, Month Day, Year, medium, timestamp if needed, URL.

    Note Examples for Videos/Podcasts:

    1. Grand Canyon University, "Welcome to Grand Canyon University," August 11, 2014, video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiq3KVTsHDo.

    1. Jason Hiles, "GCU College of Theology Dean's Message," Grand Canyon University, December 16, 2020, video, https://youtu.be/5TRtwBVztoo.

    1. Newsboys, "Magnetic," directed by Max Hsu and Elliott Eicheldinger, June 4, 2021, music video, 3:13, https://youtu.be/KPiDtK-XC9s.

    1. Rick Warren, "Employing Your Experiences - Part Two," May 10, 2021, in Pastor Rick’s Daily Hope , podcast, MP3 audio, https://www.oneplace.com/ministries/daily-hope/.

    Unpublished Interviews

    Note Format:

    1. First and Last Name of Person Interviewed, interview by Interviewer’s Full Name or author, Location of Interview, date of interview.

    Note Example:

    1. Jane Lope, interview by author, Phoenix, August 13, 2020.

    Website Articles

    • Do not cite as a website article sources that should be cited as something else, such as a magazine article, reference work, or publication by a government agency. News websites use the newspaper format.
    • Generally, cite website articles only in notes unless critical to your argument or frequently cited.
    • List a date of access if the site is undated, but use the timestamped, archived versions of pages such as wikis. Include the phrase "Last modified" before the date if the site states it is a revised/modified/updated date.

    Note Format, Authored Article with No Date:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, "Title of Article," Title of the Website, Owner of Site if not same as title, accessed Month Day, Year, URL.

    Note Example, Authored Article with No Date:

    1. David Allred, "The Platonic Foundation of The Great Divorce," Into the Wardrobe—a C. S. Lewis Website, John Visser, accessed May 10, 2021, http://cslewis.drzeus.net/papers/platonic.html.

    Note Format, No Author with Date:

    1. "Title of Article," Title of Website, Owner of Site if not same as title, Month Day, Year, URL.

    Note Example, No Author with Date:

    1. "The Baptist Faith and Message 2000," Southern Baptist Convention, 2000, https://bfm.sbc.net/bfm2000/.

    Bibliography Format:

    • If you need to include a source without an author in a bibliography, start with the website name or the name of the sponsor or owner.

    Website Owner's Name. "Title of Article." Site Name. Month Day, Year or Accessed Month Day, Year. URL.

    Bibliography Example:

    Grand Canyon University Library. "What Is a ‘Scholarly’ Source?" Evaluating Sources. Accessed May 10, 2021. https://libguides.gcu.edu/EvaluatingSources.

    Blogs

    • If title does not have "blog" in it, you may add (blog) after the title to make it clear.

    Note Example Format:

    1. Author’s Name, "Title of Entry," Title of Blog (blog), Publication if present, Month Day, Year posted, URL.

    Note Example for Blog Post:

    1. Scott Higa, "#914—Marriage and Baptism," The Christian Nerd: Nerd Culture from a Christian Perspective and Vice Versa (blog), August 21, 2014, http://thechristiannerd.com/2014/08/21/914-marriage-and-baptism/.

    Discussion Groups

    Note Format:

    1. Correspondent’s Name, post to "Title of Forum Subject," Name of Forum, Month Day, Year (time of message or post), URL.

    Note Example for Discussion Groups:

    1. John Doe, post to "Spiritual Formation," BIB-610 Topic 1 Discussion Forum, May 3, 2021 (10:15 p.m. PT), https://halo.gcu.edu/.

    Notes and Bibliography Entries

    Author Variations

    Authors   

    One Author

    Note Format:

    1. First Name Last Name,

    Bibliography Format:

    Last Name, First Name.

    Two or Three Authors

    Note Format:

    1.  Author 1’s First and Last Name and Author 2’s First and Last Name,1. Author 1’s First and Last Name, Author 2’s First and Last Name, and Author 3’s First and Last Name,

    Bibliography Format:

    Author 1’s Last Name, First Name, and Author 2’s First and Last Name.Author 1’s Last Name, First Name, Author 2’s First and Last Name, and Author 3’s First and Last Name.

    Four or More Authors

    Note Format:

    1. Author 1’s First and Last Name et al.,

    Bibliography Format:

    Include all authors.

    Organizations as Authors

    Use the organization’s full name as officially spelled and capitalized. Do not use acronyms unless they are part of the official name, but you may use standard abbreviations such as Inc. or Co.

    Book or E-book: First Edition

    •  If an editor or translator is listed on the title page instead of an author, use that name in the author slot, followed by ed. or trans.
    • Link to ebooks that have direct links or permalinks, such as BibliU or library ebooks. Give the platform name for ebooks that you download to a device, as in the Kindle and PDF examples, as a direct link may not be available.

    Format for Note:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, Title of Book: Subtitle if Present (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited, URL or Platform for e-books.

    Sample Note:

    1. A. W. Tozer, The Pursuit of God: The Human Thirst for the Divine (Camp Hill, PA: Wind Spread Publishers, 2006), 60.

    2. Tozer, Pursuit, 61.

    3. Tozer, 61.

    Format for Bibliography Entry:

    Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Book . Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication. URL or Platform for e-books.

    Sample Bibliography Entry:

    Tozer, A. W. The Pursuit of God: The Human Thirst for the Divine. Camp Hill, PA: Wind Spread Publishers, 2006.

    Book or E-book, Later Edition

    Format for Note:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, Title of Book, edition # ed. (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited. URL or Platform for e-books.

    Sample Note:

    1. Gordon D. Fee, New Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors , 3rd ed. (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002), 6-8. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/detail.action?docID=3416960.

    2. Fee,  New Testament ,  6.

    3. Fee, 6.

    Format for Bibliography Entry:

    Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Book.  edition # ed. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication. URL or Platform for e-books.

    Sample Bibliography:

    Fee, Gordon D. New Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors . 3rd ed. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/detail.action?docID=3416960.

    Editor or Translator in addition to author

    Note Format:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, Title of Book , ed. and/or trans. First and Last Name(s) of Editor(s) and/or Translator(s) (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited, URL or Platform if e-book.

    Note Example:

    1. Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers , 9th ed., ed. Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, Joseph Bizup, and William T. Fitzgerald (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018).

    Bibliography Format:

    Author’s Last, First Name. Title of Book . Edited and translated by First and Last Name of Editor(s) and/or Translator(s). Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication. URL or Platform if e-book.

    Bibliography Example:

    Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers . 9th ed. Edited by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, Joseph Bizup, and William T. Fitzgerald. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.

    Book or E-book as Part of a Series

    Note Format:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, Title of Book , Title of Series volume number if any (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited, URL or Platform if e-book.

    Note Example:

    1. Robert E. Webber, The Services of the Christian Year , The Complete Library of Christian Worship 5 (Nashville: Star Song Publishing Group, 1994), 171.

    Bibliography Format:

    Author’s Last, First Name. Title of Book . Title of Series volume number if any. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication. URL or Platform if e-book.

    Bibliography Example:

    Webber, Robert E. The Services of the Christian Year . The Complete Library of Christian Worship 5. Nashville: Star Song Publishing Group, 1994.

    Reprinted Book

    • If you are using a book reprinted more than a year after the original publication you may include the original date. It is not required but can add helpful information, especially for classic works.

    Note Format:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, Title of Book: Subtitle if Present (Original date; repr., Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited, URL or Platform for e-books.

    Note Example:

    1. C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (1943; repr., New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1977), 81.

    Bibliography Format:

    Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Book . Original Date. Reprint. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication. URL or Platform for e-books.

    Bibliography Example:

    Lewis, C. S. Mere Christianity . 1943. Reprint, New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1977.

    Additional Examples

    Kindle Book:

    1. Randall Munroe, How To: Absurd Scientific Advice for Common Real-World Problems (New York: Riverhead Books, 2019), chap. 27, Kindle.

    Munroe, Randall. How To: Absurd Scientific Advice for Common Real-World Problems . New York: Riverhead Books, 2019. Kindle.

    Adobe Digital Editions PDF Textbook:

    1. William D. Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek: Grammar,  3rd ed. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009), 8-9, Adobe Digital Editions PDF.

    Mounce, William D.  Basics of Biblical Greek: Grammar.  3rd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009. Adobe Digital Editions PDF.

    BibliU Textbook:

    1. Gregg R. Allison, The Church: An Introduction, Short Studies in Systematic Theology (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2021), 41, https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/9781433562495/epub/cover/cover.html#page_1.

    Allison, Gregg R. The Church: An Introduction. Short Studies in Systematic Theology. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2021. https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/9781433562495/epub/cover/cover.html#page_1.

    Foreword, Afterword, or Preface Written by Someone Other Than Author

    Note Format:

    1. Part Author’s First and Last Name, part name to Title of Book , by Book Author's First and Last Names (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited, URL or Platform if e-book.

    Note Example:

    1. Joseph C. Holbrook, foreword to Jonah: His Life, Character, and Mission , by Patrick Fairburn (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1964), xii.

    Bibliography Format:

    Part Author’s Last, First Name. Part name to Title of Book , by Book Author's First and Last Names, inclusive page numbers of part. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication. URL or Platform if e-book.

    Bibliography Example:

    Holbrook, Joseph C. Foreword to Jonah: His Life, Character, and Mission , by Patrick Fairburn, xii-xv. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1964.

    Chapter in an Edited Book or E-book

    Note Format:

    1. Chapter Author’s First and Last Name, "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book , ed. First and Last Names of editor(s) (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited, URL or Platform if e-book.

    Note Example:

    1. Lori Cooper, "Academic Integrity," in Mastering Graduate Studies , ed. Alexis DiVincenzo (Phoenix: Grand Canyon University, 2014), 59, Adobe Digital Editions PDF.

    Bibliography Format:

    Chapter Author’s Last, First Name. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book , edited by Editor’s First and Last Name, Inclusive page numbers. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication. URL or Platform if e-book.

    Bibliography Example:

    Cooper, Lori. "Academic Integrity." In Mastering Graduate Studies , edited by Alexis DiVincenzo, 58-68. Phoenix: Grand Canyon University, 2014. Adobe Digital Editions PDF.

    Book or E-book as Part of a Commentary Series: Single Volume

    • If there are editors, include vol. before a volume number. If there are not, include just the number after the series title without any punctuation between. Series may not have volume numbers. See additional examples.
    • You can also use these formats for series other than commentaries.

    Note Format:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, Title of Bible Book Commented On , Title of Commentary, ed. Editor’s First and Last Name if Present, vol. volume number if any (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited, URL or Platform if e-book.

    Note Example:

    1. David L. Turner, Matthew , Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, ed. Robert Yarbrough and Robert H. Stein (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008), 23, https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/detail.action?docID=3117026.

    Bibliography Format:

    Author’s Last, First Name. Title of Book Commented On . Title of Commentary, edited by First and Last Name of Editor(s), vol. volume number if any. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication. URL or Platform if e-book.

    Bibliography Example:

    Turner, David L. Matthew . Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, edited by Robert Yarbrough and Robert H. Stein. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/detail.action?docID=3117026.

    Signed Article or Chapter in Book or E-book as Part of a Commentary: Multivolume Work

    Note Format:

    1. Chapter Author’s First and Last Name, "Title of Article or Chapter," in Title of Commentary , vol. #, Title of Volume , ed. First and Last Name of editor(s) (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited, URL or Platform if e-book.

    Note Example:

    1. Patrick D. Miller, "The Book of Jeremiah: Introduction, Commentary, and Reflections," in New Interpreter’s Bible , vol. 6, Introduction to Prophetic Literature, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch, Letter of Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel , ed. Leander E. Keck (Nashville: Abingdon, 2001), 577.

    Bibliography Format:

    Chapter Author’s Last, First Name. "Title of Article or Chapter." In Title of Commentary , vol. #, Title of Volume , edited by First and Last Name of editor(s), inclusive page numbers. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication. URL or Platform if e-book.

    Bibliography Example:

    Miller, Patrick D. "The Book of Jeremiah: Introduction, Commentary, and Reflections." In New Interpreter’s Bible , vol. 6, Introduction to Prophetic Literature, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch, Letter of Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel , edited by Leander E. Keck, 553-926. Nashville: Abingdon, 2001.

    Unsigned Article in Book or E-book as Part of a Commentary

    • If there is an individual volume title, use vol. before the volume number and include the volume title as in the previous example. Otherwise leave vol. out and add the number before the pages.

    Note Format:

    1. First and Last Name of Editor, ed., "Title of Commentary on Biblical Book," in Title of Commentary (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), volume number: page(s) cited, URL or Platform if e-book.

    Note Example:

    1. F. D. Nichol, ed., "Interpretation of Daniel," in Seventh-Day Adventist Bible Commentary (Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1953-57), 4:54.

    Bibliography Format:

    Last Name, First Name of Editor, ed. "Title of Commentary on Biblical Book." In Title of Commentary , volume number, inclusive page numbers. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication. URL or Platform if e-book.

    Bibliography Example:

    Nichol, F. D., ed. "Interpretation of Daniel." In Seventh-Day Adventist Bible Commentary , 4, 53-56. Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1953-57.

    Additional Examples of Multivolume Work Variations

    • You can apply these formats to any kind of multivolume book, not just commentaries.
    • As these are variations, only the examples are given.

    Example for a Multivolume Work by One Author Without Volume Subtitles

    1. Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary on the Twelve Prophets , trans. Robert C. Hill. Fathers of the Church: A New Translation 116 (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2008), 2:15, https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/detail.action?docID=3134815

    Cyril of Alexandria.  Commentary on the Twelve Prophets.  Translated by Robert C. Hill. 3 vols. Fathers of the Church: A New Translation 116. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/detail.action?docID=3134815

    Example for a Signed Entry in a Multivolume Work Without Volume Subtitles

    1. Dina Tsagari, "Contact Session in Distance Education: Students' Perspective," in Major Trends in Theoretical and Applied Linguistics: Selected Papers from the 20th International Symposium on Theoretical and Applied Linguistics , ed. Nikolas Lavidas, Thomai Alexiou, and Areti-Maria Sougari (London: Versita, 2013), 3:387, https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/reader.action?docID=1609411&ppg=3

    Tsagari, Dina. "Contact Session in Distance Education: Students' Perspective." in Major Trends in Theoretical and Applied Linguistics: Selected Papers from the 20th International Symposium on Theoretical and Applied Linguistics.  Edited by Nikolas Lavidas, Thomai Alexiou, and Areti-Maria Sougari, 3, 385-405. London: Versita, 2013. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/reader.action?docID=1609411&ppg=3

    Example for a Single Volume in a Series With Volume Numbers and Without Editors

    1. Charles R. Swindoll, Insights on 1 and 2 Corinthians , Swindoll's Living Insights New Testament Commentary 7 (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2017), 114, https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/reader.action?docID=5395735&ppg=125

    Swindoll, Charles R.  Insights on 1 and 2 Corinthians.  Swindoll's Living Insights New Testament Commentary 7. Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2017. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/reader.action?docID=5395735&ppg=125

    Example for a Single Volume in a Series With Volume Numbers and With Editors

    1. Francis I. Andersen, Job: An Introduction and Commentary , Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, ed. Donald J. Wiseman, vol. 14 (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2008), 82, https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/reader.action?docID=2089248&ppg=83

    Andersen, Francis I.  Job: An Introduction and Commentary.  Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, edited by Donald J. Wiseman, vol. 14. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/reader.action?docID=2089248&ppg=83

    Article or Note in a Study Bible or Other Annotated Work

    • When citing a note include n and the note number after the page number. There are no spaces.

    Note Format:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, "Title of Note or Article," in Title of Book , ed. First and Last Names of editor(s) (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) cited.

    Note Example:

    1. David L. Petersen, "Ezekiel," in The HarperCollins Study Bible Fully Revised and Updated: New Revised Standard Version, with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books , ed. Harold W. Attridge and Wayne A. Meeks (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 2006), 1096n2.

    Bibliography Format:

    Author’s Last, First Name. "Title of Note or Article." In Title of Book , edited by Editor’s First and Last Name, inclusive page numbers. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication.

    Bibliography Example:

    Petersen, David L. "Ezekiel." In The HarperCollins Study Bible Fully Revised and Updated: New Revised Standard Version, with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books , edited by Harold W. Attridge and Wayne A Meeks, 1096-167. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 2006.

    Journal Articles

    • Use the DOI as the URL if there is a DOI.
    • If there is not a DOI:
      • Use database permalinks for the URL of an article from a database.
      • Use the open access URL for open access articles.
    • Omit issue number or volume number if not present.
    • Issue numbers always follow the abbreviation no. in both notes and bibliographies.

    Note Format:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, "Title of Article," Journal Name volume #, no. issue # (Month/Season Year): page number(s) cited, DOI or URL/Permalink.

    2. Author’s First and Last Name, "Short Title," page number(s) cited.

    Note Example:

    1. Katie Greer and Shawn McCann, "Everything Online Is a Website: Information Format Confusion in Student Citation Behaviors," Communications in Information Literacy 12, no. 2 (September 2018): 152, https://doi.org/10.15760/comminfolit.2018.12.2.6.

    2. Katie Greer and Shawn McCann, "Everything Online," 152.

    Bibliography Format:

    Author’s Last, First Name. "Title of Article." Journal Name volume #, no. issue # (Month/Season Year): inclusive page numbers. DOI or URL/Permalink.

    Bibliography Example:

    Greer, Katie, and Shawn McCann. "Everything Online Is a Website: Information Format Confusion in Student Citation Behaviors." Communications in Information Literacy 12, no. 2 (September 2018): 150-65. https://doi.org/10.15760/comminfolit.2018.12.2.6.

    Magazine Article

    Note Format:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, "Title of Article," Magazine Name, Month Day, Year, page number cited and/or URL/Permalink if online.

    Note Example:

    1. David Neff, "The Roar of Worship," Christianity Today , May 1, 2014, 28, https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLA0001981046&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=eds1.

    2. David Neff, "Roar of Worship," 28.

    Bibliography Format:

    Author’s Last Name, First Name. "Title." Magazine Name , Month Day, Year. URL or Permalink if online.

    Bibliography Example:

    Neff, David. "The Roar of Worship." Christianity Today , May 1, 2014. https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLA0001981046&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=eds1.

    Congressional Report

    • Include the name of the committee or subcommittee if other than a full chamber.
    • Pay close attention to what abbreviations are included, such as "sess." and "pt." by comparing the format and examples.

    Note Format:

    1. Committee Name if Relevant, Title, Congress # Cong., session # sess., year, S. or HR. Rep. report # pt. part #, page(s) cited, URL if online.

    Note Example:

    1. Select Committee on Homeland Security, Homeland Security Act of 2002, 107th Cong., 2d sess., 2002, HR. Rep. 107-609, pt. 1, 11-12.

    Bibliography Format:

    US Congress, House or Senate. Title. Congress # Cong., session # sess., year. S. or HR Rep. report #. URL if online.

    Bibliography Example:

    US Congress, House. Homeland Security Act of 2002. 107th Cong., 2d sess., 2002. HR Rep. 107-609.

    Unenacted Bill and Resolutions

    • Cite enacted legislation in notes only as a statute. The Congressional Record is published daily online.

    Note Format:

    1. Title of Bill or Resolution, S. or H. Res. bill or resolution #, Congress # Cong., session # sess., Congressional Record volume #, daily ed. (Month Day, Year): page(s) cited, URL.

    Note Example:

    1. Food and Security Act of 1985, H. Res. 2100, 99th Cong., 1st sess., Congressional Record 131, daily ed. (October 8, 1985): H8485, https://www.congress.gov/bound-congressional-record/1985/10/08.

    Bibliography Format:

    US Congress. House or Senate. Title of Bill. S. or H. Res. bill or resolution #. Congress # Cong., session # sess. Congressional Record volume #, daily ed. (Month Day, Year): inclusive page numbers. URL.

    Bibliography Example:

    US Congress. House. Food and Security Act of 1985. H. Res. 2100. 99th Cong., 1st sess. Congressional Record 131, daily ed. (October 8, 1985): H8353-H8486. https://www.congress.gov/bound-congressional-record/1985/10/08.

    Publications of Government Departments and Agencies

    Note Format:

    1. Department or Agency Name, Title of Document , ed. First Name Last Name [if named], Document ID Numbers or Identifiers [if any], Month Day, Year, URL if online.

    Note Example:

    1. US Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Faith and Opportunity Initiatives, Faith and Community Roadmap to Recovery Support: Getting Back to Work , March 2020, https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/faith-community-roadmap-to-recovery-support-march2020.pdf.

    Bibliography Format:

    Agency Name. Title of Document . Edited by First Name Last Name [if named]. Document ID Numbers or Identifiers. Month Day, Year. URL if online.

    Bibliography Example:

    US Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Faith and Opportunity Initiatives. Faith and Community Roadmap to Recovery Support: Getting Back to Work . March 2020. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/faith-community-roadmap-to-recovery-support-march2020.pdf.

    Congressional Debate

    Format for Note:

    1. Cong. Rec., Congress # Cong., session # sess., year, vol. volume #, pt. part #: page(s) cited, URL if online.

    Sample Note:

    1. Cong. Rec., 71st Cong., 2d sess., 1930, vol. 72, pt. 10:10828-30.

    Format for Bibliography Entry:

    US Congress. Congressional Record . Congress # Cong., session # sess., year. Vol. volume #, pt. part #. URL if online.

    Sample Bibliography Entry:

    US Congress. Congressional Record . 71st Cong., 2d sess., 1930. Vol. 72, pt. 10.

    Presidential Proclamation or Executive Order

    Format for Note:

    1. President's First and Last Name, Proclamation or Executive Order #, "Title," Federal Register volume #, no. Issue # (Month, day, year): page(s) cited, URL if online.

    Sample Note:

    1. Barack Obama, Proclamation 9071, “Wright Brothers Day, 2012," Federal Register 78, no. 244 (December 19, 2013): 76971.

    Format for Bibliography Entry:

    US President. Proclamation or Executive Order #. "Title." Federal Register volume #, no. Issue # (Month, day, year): inclusive page numbers. URL if online.

    Bibliography Entry:

    US President. Proclamation 9071. “Wright Brothers Day, 2012."  Federal Register 78, no. 244 (December 19, 2013): 76971-72.

    Dissertation or Thesis, Published or Unpublished

    Note Format:

    1. Author’s First and Last Name, "Title of Dissertation" (PhD diss. or master's thesis, Name of Institution, Year), page(s) cited, URL if online.

    Note Example:

    1. Robert Prescott-Ezickson, "The Sending Motif in the Gospel of John: Implications for Theology of Mission" (PhD diss., Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1986), 76-80.

    2. Prescott-Ezickson, "Sending Motif," 81.

    3. Prescott-Ezickson, 81.

    Bibliography Format:

    Author’s Last, First Name. "Title of Dissertation." PhD diss., or master's thesis, Name of Institution, Year. URL if online.

    Bibliography Example:

    Prescott-Ezickson, Robert. "The Sending Motif in the Gospel of John: Implications for Theology of Mission." PhD diss., Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1986.

    Lecture: Live

    Note Format:

    1. Presenter’s First and Last Name, "Title of Paper or Lecture" (lecture, Name of Meeting or Institution, Location, Month Day, Year).

    Note Example:

    1. Teresa Copeland, "(Role)Playing with History" (lecture, GAME: Gaming as Meaningful Education Symposium, Rochester, NY, September 24, 2016).

    Bibliography Format:

    Presenter’s Last Name, First Name. "Title of Paper or Lecture." Lecture. Name of Meeting or Institution, Location, Month Day, Year.

    Bibliography Example:

    Copeland, Teresa. "(Role)Playing with History." Lecture. GAME: Gaming as Meaningful Education Symposium, Rochester, NY, September 24, 2016.

    Movies, Television, or Radio

    • Producing, writing, and acting contributors can also be included following the director if significant. The second movie example demonstrates the formatting for this additional information.

    Note Formats:

    1. Title of Movie , directed by First Last Name of Director (Name of Production or Distribution Company, Year movie was released), Medium if needed, Timecodes in H:MM:SS, URL if online.

    1. Title of Television Program , season #, episode #, "Title of Episode," directed by First and Last name of Director, aired Month Day, Year, on Original Broadcast Company, Medium if needed or URL.

    1. "Title of Radio Episode," hosted by First and Last Name of Host, Name of Radio Show, on Radio Station or Network, Month Day, Year, URL if online.

    Notes for Movie:

    1. It’s a Wonderful Life , directed by Frank Capra (1946; Liberty Films, 2006), DVD 1:12:32.

    • The 1946 date at the start is when the film was first released. 2006 is the publication date of the DVD version.

    1. The Book of Daniel , directed by Anna Zielinski, screenplay by Chuck Konzelman and Cary Solomon, featuring Robert Miano and Lance Hendreksen (Pure Flix Entertainment, 2013), http://www.netflix.com.

    Note for Television Broadcast:

    1. The Bible , season 1, episode 2, "Exodus," directed by Crispin Reece, aired March 3, 2013, on The History Channel, https://play.history.com/.

    Note for Radio Broadcast:

    1. "The Confident Promise of Grace," hosted by David Jeremiah, Turning Point , on FaithTalk1360, August 22, 2014.

    Bibliography Formats:

    Title of Movie . Directed by First Last Name of Director. Film Studio, Year. Full run time as # hr., # min. Medium or URL if online.

    Title of TV Show . Season #, episode #, "Episode Title." Directed by First Last Name of Director. Aired Month Day, Year, on Network. Medium or URL if online.

    Radio Show . "Episode Title." Hosted by First and Last Name of Host. Aired Month Day, Year, on Network. Medium or URL if online.

    Bibliography Examples:

    It’s a Wonderful Life . Directed by Frank Capra. Liberty Films, 1946/2006. 2 hr., 10 min. DVD.

    Book of Daniel, The . Directed by Anna Zielinski. Pure Flix Entertainment, 2013. 1 hr., 30 min. http://www.netflix.com.

    Bible, The . Season 1, episode 2, "Exodus." Directed by Crispin Reece. Aired March 3, 2013, on The History Channel. https://play.history.com/.

    Turning Point . "The Confident Promise of Grace." Hosted by David Jeremiah. Aired August 22, 2014, on FaithTalk1360.

    Music/Sound Recording

    • Include as much information as required to clearly identify the recording or to include material relevant to your discussion such as composers. Track number and album name may be left off for streaming singles, and recordings may be cited as a whole.
    • The Handel example includes a single track for the note, and then the work as a whole for the bibliography entry.

    Note Format:

    1. First and Last Name of Recording Artist, "Title of Song," recorded Month Day, Year, track # on Album , Recording Company, Copyright Year if Different, Medium, URL or Service Name if online.

    Note Examples:

    1. Hillsong United, "Oceans (Where Feet May Fail)," recorded February 26, 2013, track 4 on Zion , Hillsong Music, MP3, http://www.amazon.com/Oceans-Where-Feet-May-Fail/dp/B00B9ZI5PC.

    1. George Frideric Handel, "Hallelujah," track 21 of disc 2 on Messiah (1751 version) , with the New College Oxford Choir and Academy of Ancient Music, conducted by Edward Higginbottom, Naxos 8.570131-31, 2006, Naxos Music Library streaming audio, https://gcu-naxosmusiclibrary-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/stream.asp?s=150023%2FGCUnmlPD11%2F570132_21.

    Bibliography Format:

    Artist Name. "Song Name." Recorded Month Day, Year. Track # on Album Title . Record Label. Medium or format. URL or Service Name if online.

    Bibliography Examples:

    Hillsong United. "Oceans (Where Feet May Fail)." Recorded February 26, 2013. Track 4 on Zion . Hillsong Music. MP3. http://www.amazon.com/Oceans-Where-Feet-May-Fail/dp/B00B9ZI5PC.

    Handel, George Frideric.  Messiah (1751 version). Conducted by Edward Higginbottom. Recorded with the New College Oxford Choir and Academy of Ancient Music. Naxos 8.570131-31, 2006. Naxos Music Library streaming audio, https://gcu-naxosmusiclibrary-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/stream.asp?s=150023%2FGCUnmlPD11%2F570132_21.

    Published Interviews

    • Interviews generally follow the format of the source type (magazine, video, radio, etc.), except the interviewee’s name is used as author and the interviewer’s name appears after the title, like an editor or translator.
    • The note may start with the title if the interviewee’s name is present in it.

    Note Format:

    1. Interviewee’s First and Last Name, "Title," interview by Interviewer’s First and Last Name, Publication Title , Month Day, Year, URL if online.

    Note Example:

    1. "Five Questions with Dr. Kale Gober: Vice President of Advancement," interview by Rick Vacek, GCU Magazine , August 2020, https://indd.adobe.com/view/f4094517-4d54-45aa-b34f-595516349ccd.

    Bibliography Format:

    Interviewee’s Last Name, First Name. "Title." Interview by Interviewer First and Last Name. Publication Title , Month Day, Year. URL if online.

    Bibliography Example:

    Gober, Kale. "Five Questions with Dr. Kale Gober: Vice President of Advancement." Interview by Rick Vacek. GCU Magazine , August 2020. https://indd.adobe.com/view/f4094517-4d54-45aa-b34f-595516349ccd.

    Classical Work: English Language Translations

    Note Format:

    1. Author, Title, ed. First and Last Name of Editor (if any), trans. First and Last Name of Translator, Title of Collection (if any), vol. # (if any) (Publication Location: Publisher, Year of Publication), page(s) cited, URL or Platform if e-book.

    Note Example:

    1. Augustine, On the Trinity , ed. Philip Schaff, trans. Arthur West Haddan and W. G. T. Shedd, A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, vol. 3 (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1887), 19, https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf103/npnf103.iv.i.html.

    Bibliography Format:

    Author. Title . Edited by Editor’s First and Last Name. Translated by Translator’s First and Last Name. Title of Collection (if any), volume # (if any). Place of Publication: Publisher, year of publication. URL or Platform if e-book.

    Bibliography Example:

    Augustine. On the Trinity . Edited by Philip Schaff. Translated by Arthur West Haddan and W. G. T. Shedd. A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, vol. 3. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1887. https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf103/npnf103.iv.i.html.

    Historical or Archival Publications and Documents

    • The following example is for After Action Reports, but the general format can be used for most scanned archival documents.
    • If you cite multiple documents from the same collection, give each one a note but you may use a single bibliography entry for the collection as a whole.
    • Include as much information as possible, but elements may be missing.

    Note Format:

    1. Agency, Divisions if any, Title of Document , by Authors if any, report number or other identification, date, page number, Archive name, location and/or URL for digital.

    Note Examples:

    1. Navy Department, Bureau of Ships, Preliminary Design Section, U.S.S. Helena (CL50) Loss in Action: Kula Gulf, Solomon Islands , War Damage Report No. 43, July 6, 1943, 2, Navy Department Library, Washington, D.C., https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/w/war-damage-reports/uss-helena-cl50-war-damage-report-no43.html.

    1. US Army, 36th Infantry Division, 141st Infantry Regiment, Operations in Italy: Part I, Section 1 Regimental History , by Robert Dieterle, Annex no. 6, June, 1944, 3, Texas Military Forces Museum, Austin, https://secureservercdn.net/50.62.194.59/385.ede.myftpupload.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/141aar-June-to-September-1944.pdf.

    Bibliography Format:

    Agency, Divisions. Title of Document , by Authors if any. Report number, date. Archive, location if possible. URL.

    Bibliography Examples:

    Navy Department, Bureau of Ships, Preliminary Design Section. U.S.S. Helena (CL50) Loss in Action: Kula Gulf, Solomon Islands . War Damage Report No. 43, July 6, 1943. Navy Department Library, Washington, D.C. https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/w/war-damage-reports/uss-helena-cl50-war-damage-report-no43.html.

    US Army, 36th Infantry Division, 141st Infantry Regiment. Operations in Italy: Part I, Section 1 Regimental History , by Robert Dieterle. Annex no. 6, June, 1944. Texas Military Forces Museum, Austin. https://secureservercdn.net/50.62.194.59/385.ede.myftpupload.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/141aar-June-to-September-1944.pdf.

    Bibliography Example for a Whole Collection:

    Navy Department, Bureau of Ships. War Damage Reports. Navy Department Library, Washington, D.C. https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/w/war-damage-reports.html.

    Secondary Sources

    • Only use a secondary source if you are not able to locate a copy of the original source yourself.

    Note Format:

    1. Original Source Author's First and Last Name, Title of Book , edition # ed. (Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication), page(s) of original as cited by secondary source, quoted in Secondary Source Author's First and Last Name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, year of publication), page(s) of secondary source cited, URL or Platform if e-book.

    Note Example:

    1. Jan Vansina, Art History in Africa (Oxford, England: Routledge, 1984): 136-8, quoted in Rosalind I. Hackett, Art and Religion in Africa (London: Cassell, 1996), 23, https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/detail.action?docID=436003.

    Bibliography Format:

    Original Source Author's Last, First Name. Title of Book . edition # ed. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, year of publication, page(s) of original cited by secondary source. Quoted in Secondary Source Author's First and Last Name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, year of publication). URL or Platform if e-book.

    Bibliography Example:

    Vansina, Jan. Art History in Africa . Oxford, England: Routledge, 1984, 136-8. Quoted in Rosalind I. Hackett, Art and Religion in Africa (London: Cassell, 1996). https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/detail.action?docID=436003.

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