Unless otherwise configured, the client libraries useApplication Default Credentialsto authenticate with Google Cloud Services. While this works for most applications, in some cases you may need to override this default. You can do so by providing theUnifiedCredentialsOptionThe following example shows how to explicitly load a service account key file:
[](std::string const& keyfile) {
auto is = std::ifstream(keyfile);
is.exceptions(std::ios::badbit); // Minimal error handling in examples
auto contents = std::string(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(is.rdbuf()), {});
auto options =
google::cloud::Options{}.set<google::cloud::UnifiedCredentialsOption>(
google::cloud::MakeServiceAccountCredentials(contents));
return google::cloud::optimization_v1::FleetRoutingClient(
google::cloud::optimization_v1::MakeFleetRoutingConnection(options));
}
[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-09-04 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis page provides documentation for overriding default authentication credentials when using Google Cloud client libraries, specifically focusing on C++ optimization.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe latest release candidate version for optimization is 2.37.0-rc, with multiple prior versions available, ranging from 2.11.0 to 2.36.0.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe default authentication method uses Application Default Credentials, but can be overridden using \u003ccode\u003eUnifiedCredentialsOption\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe provided example demonstrates loading a service account key file to override the default authentication for \u003ccode\u003eFleetRoutingClient\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eFor further details on authentication, refer to the "Best practices for managing service account keys" guide and the "Authentication Components" documentation.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["Version 2.14.0keyboard_arrow_down\n\n- [2.42.0-rc (latest)](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/latest/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.41.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.41.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.40.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.40.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.39.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.39.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.38.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.38.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.37.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.37.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.36.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.36.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.35.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.35.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.34.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.34.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.33.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.33.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.32.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.32.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.31.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.31.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.30.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.30.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.29.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.29.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.28.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.28.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.27.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.27.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.26.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.26.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.25.1](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.25.1/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.24.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.24.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.23.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.23.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.22.1](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.22.1/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.21.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.21.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.20.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.20.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.19.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.19.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.18.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.18.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.17.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.17.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.16.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.16.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.15.1](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.15.1/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.14.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.14.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.13.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.13.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.12.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.12.0/optimization-override-authentication)\n- [2.11.0](/cpp/docs/reference/optimization/2.11.0/optimization-override-authentication) \n\nHow to Override the Authentication Credentials\n==============================================\n\nUnless otherwise configured, the client libraries use [Application Default Credentials](https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication#adc) to authenticate with Google Cloud Services. While this works for most applications, in some cases you may need to override this default. You can do so by providing the [UnifiedCredentialsOption](https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest/structgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1UnifiedCredentialsOption.html) The following example shows how to explicitly load a service account key file: \n\n [](std::string const& keyfile) {\n auto is = std::ifstream(keyfile);\n is.exceptions(std::ios::badbit); // Minimal error handling in examples\n auto contents = std::string(std::istreambuf_iterator\u003cchar\u003e(is.rdbuf()), {});\n auto options =\n google::cloud::Options{}.set\u003cgoogle::cloud::UnifiedCredentialsOption\u003e(\n google::cloud::MakeServiceAccountCredentials(contents));\n return google::cloud::optimization_v1::FleetRoutingClient(\n google::cloud::optimization_v1::MakeFleetRoutingConnection(options));\n }\n\nKeep in mind that we chose this as an example because it is relatively easy to understand. Consult the [Best practices for managing service account keys](https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/best-practices-for-managing-service-account-keys) guide for more details.\n\n###### See Also\n\n[Authentication Components](https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest/group__guac.html) - for more information on the factory functions to create [`google::cloud::Credentials`](https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest/classgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1Credentials.html) objects."]]