S. Saitoh, History of Division by Zero and Division by Zero Calculus, International J. of Division by Zero Calculus, {\bf 1}(2021). (38 pages).
また広範な応用と、ユークリッド幾何学の革命的な結果について 次が参照できる:
H. Okumura, Geometry and division by zero calculus, International Journal of Division by Zero Calculus, {\bf 1} (2021), 1-36.
以 上
Institute of Reproducing Kernels
Statement 707 (2023.2.6): Division by zero, the essence of the division by zero method - they are mostly simple, and the value is enormous
February 2nd marked the 9th anniversary of the discovery of division by zero, and it is evident that the content has spread, with papers citing it being published on the 3rd and 4th in quick succession, and citations increasing for the 2nd day in a row. However, my understanding of the content is questionable, and I am deeply surprised by the delay in comprehension. Therefore, I would like to directly express the essential and central idea and use it as material to advance the understanding of the world. This is because various expressions help understanding.
The first is the division by zero problem. It is important to have a proper definition of fractions. In short, a divided by b is the solution of the equation bx=a, and the solution is written as x=a/b. This is the fact that division is defined as the inverse of multiplication.
Therefore, when b = 0, it becomes a contradiction unless a = 0. Therefore he cannot divide by zero in such cases because there is no solution unless a = 0. For example, 1/0 is unthinkable and impossible. This is his over-thousand-year-old common sense that division by zero is impossible. - This obvious thing is still being explained day after day on his YouTube, etc., so it's a change in the world. (showing how his mathematics education is sloppily done)
Here, a very interesting thing is known about the solution of the equation bx=a, which is the problem. There is the idea of the Moore-Penrose general inverse, and in fact, even when b is zero, he has a theory that the equation bx = a always has only one solution, and that solution is called the Moore-Penrose general solution. . Since there is always one and only one solution, I think that the solution should be defined as a general fraction and division. According to that theory, when b = 0, the solution is zero, so in that sense a/0 = 0.
Since the Moore-Penrose general solution has been thoroughly studied, it can be said that division by zero was actually known implicitly. Moore-Penrose I want you to check the general solution.
Dr. Masato Yamada discovered that if we think of fractions algebraically, in a totally abstract way, as a binary operation, and see it as an algebraic structure, we can define the structure of a field that includes division by zero. Amazingly, he has created a field that includes division by zero, the Yamada field, so he should introduce the Yamada field instead of the complex number field. -The four arithmetic operations can now be performed without exception. -The inability to divide by zero has been overcome, and the four rules of arithmetic have been strictly established.
Third, when expanding fractions, there is a uniqueness argument as to whether there are other methods or other worlds. On the other hand, Dr. Shinei Takahashi, Professor Emeritus of Yamagata University, soon after he discovered division by zero, showed that uniqueness can be established under a very general assumption, and uniqueness is also guaranteed. He declares that the natural idea of division by zero does not exist except ours.
By the above three principles, we can declare that division by zero is simple and self-explanatory.
Here is the definition of the division by zero method in the case of functions. This is simply, when the function y= g(x) is differentiable with respect to x=a,
defined by (If it cannot be differentiated, it will not be touched on here). for example,
For y=f(x) = 1/x, f(0)=0.
Also, tan (\pi/2) = 0.
these
0/0=1/0 = tan (\pi/2) = 0
If you write, you will already be saying something amazing. It will completely change the worldview and mathematics of division by zero. Singularity A new world that can be considered even there has appeared. Analytic function theory can be said to be incomplete because singularities are blind spots and full of holes (don't think about them there). No, the existence of exceptions in the basics of mathematics, the four arithmetic operations, could even be said to be imperfect in mathematics itself.
The definition and nature of division by zero is stated above. A complete theory, including historical background, has been published:
S. Saitoh, History of Division by Zero and Division by Zero Calculus, International J. of Division by Zero Calculus, {\bf 1}(2021). (38 pages).
Also for the wide range of applications and revolutionary results of Euclidean geometry see:
H. Okumura, Geometry and division by zero calculus, International Journal of Division by Zero Calculus, {\bf 1} (2021), 1-36.