A number of environment variables can be used to configure the behavior of the library. There are also functions to configure this behavior in code. The environment variables are convenient when troubleshooting problems.
Endpoint Overrides
GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_BACKUP_RUNS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...overrides theEndpointOption(which defaults to "sqladmin.googleapis.com") used byMakeSqlBackupRunsServiceConnection().
GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_CONNECT_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...overrides theEndpointOption(which defaults to "sqladmin.googleapis.com") used byMakeSqlConnectServiceConnection().
GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_DATABASES_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...overrides theEndpointOption(which defaults to "sqladmin.googleapis.com") used byMakeSqlDatabasesServiceConnection().
GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_FLAGS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...overrides theEndpointOption(which defaults to "sqladmin.googleapis.com") used byMakeSqlFlagsServiceConnection().
GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_INSTANCES_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...overrides theEndpointOption(which defaults to "sqladmin.googleapis.com") used byMakeSqlInstancesServiceConnection().
GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_OPERATIONS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...overrides theEndpointOption(which defaults to "sqladmin.googleapis.com") used byMakeSqlOperationsServiceConnection().
GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_SSL_CERTS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...overrides theEndpointOption(which defaults to "sqladmin.googleapis.com") used byMakeSqlSslCertsServiceConnection().
GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_TIERS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...overrides theEndpointOption(which defaults to "sqladmin.googleapis.com") used byMakeSqlTiersServiceConnection().
GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_USERS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...overrides theEndpointOption(which defaults to "sqladmin.googleapis.com") used byMakeSqlUsersServiceConnection().
GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_ENABLE_TRACING=rpc: turns on tracing for most gRPC calls. The library injects an additional Stub decorator that prints each gRPC request and response. Unless you have configured your own logging backend, you should also setGOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_ENABLE_CLOGto produce any output on the program's console.
See Also
google::cloud::TracingComponentsOptionGOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_TRACING_OPTIONS=...: modifies the behavior of gRPC tracing, including whether messages will be output on multiple lines, or whether string/bytes fields will be truncated.
See Also
google::cloud::GrpcTracingOptionsOptionGOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_ENABLE_CLOG=yes: turns on logging in the library, basically the library always "logs" but the logging infrastructure has no backend to actually print anything until the application sets a backend or they set this environment variable.
[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-09-04 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis document provides a comprehensive list of SQL environment versions, ranging from the latest release candidate \u003ccode\u003e2.37.0-rc\u003c/code\u003e down to version \u003ccode\u003e2.11.0\u003c/code\u003e, each with a link to their respective documentation.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe behavior of the SQL library can be configured using several environment variables, offering flexibility and ease in troubleshooting.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eEndpoint overrides can be set for different SQL services like backup runs, connect, databases, flags, instances, operations, SSL certs, tiers, and users, using specific environment variables.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eEnvironment variables such as \u003ccode\u003eGOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_ENABLE_TRACING\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eGOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_TRACING_OPTIONS\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003eGOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_ENABLE_CLOG\u003c/code\u003e are available to control tracing and logging features.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003eGOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT\u003c/code\u003e environment variable can be used in examples and tests to set the GCP project but it has no effect on the library.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["Version 2.11.0keyboard_arrow_down\n\n- [2.42.0-rc (latest)](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/latest/sql-env)\n- [2.41.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.41.0/sql-env)\n- [2.40.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.40.0/sql-env)\n- [2.39.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.39.0/sql-env)\n- [2.38.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.38.0/sql-env)\n- [2.37.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.37.0/sql-env)\n- [2.36.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.36.0/sql-env)\n- [2.35.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.35.0/sql-env)\n- [2.34.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.34.0/sql-env)\n- [2.33.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.33.0/sql-env)\n- [2.32.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.32.0/sql-env)\n- [2.31.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.31.0/sql-env)\n- [2.30.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.30.0/sql-env)\n- [2.29.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.29.0/sql-env)\n- [2.28.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.28.0/sql-env)\n- [2.27.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.27.0/sql-env)\n- [2.26.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.26.0/sql-env)\n- [2.25.1](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.25.1/sql-env)\n- [2.24.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.24.0/sql-env)\n- [2.23.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.23.0/sql-env)\n- [2.22.1](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.22.1/sql-env)\n- [2.21.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.21.0/sql-env)\n- [2.20.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.20.0/sql-env)\n- [2.19.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.19.0/sql-env)\n- [2.18.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.18.0/sql-env)\n- [2.17.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.17.0/sql-env)\n- [2.16.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.16.0/sql-env)\n- [2.15.1](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.15.1/sql-env)\n- [2.14.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.14.0/sql-env)\n- [2.13.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.13.0/sql-env)\n- [2.12.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.12.0/sql-env)\n- [2.11.0](/cpp/docs/reference/sql/2.11.0/sql-env) \n\nEnvironment Variables\n=====================\n\nA number of environment variables can be used to configure the behavior of the library. There are also functions to configure this behavior in code. The environment variables are convenient when troubleshooting problems.\n\nEndpoint Overrides\n------------------\n\n- `GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_BACKUP_RUNS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...` overrides the `EndpointOption` (which defaults to \"sqladmin.googleapis.com\") used by `MakeSqlBackupRunsServiceConnection()`.\n- `GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_CONNECT_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...` overrides the `EndpointOption` (which defaults to \"sqladmin.googleapis.com\") used by `MakeSqlConnectServiceConnection()`.\n- `GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_DATABASES_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...` overrides the `EndpointOption` (which defaults to \"sqladmin.googleapis.com\") used by `MakeSqlDatabasesServiceConnection()`.\n- `GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_FLAGS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...` overrides the `EndpointOption` (which defaults to \"sqladmin.googleapis.com\") used by `MakeSqlFlagsServiceConnection()`.\n- `GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_INSTANCES_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...` overrides the `EndpointOption` (which defaults to \"sqladmin.googleapis.com\") used by `MakeSqlInstancesServiceConnection()`.\n- `GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_OPERATIONS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...` overrides the `EndpointOption` (which defaults to \"sqladmin.googleapis.com\") used by `MakeSqlOperationsServiceConnection()`.\n- `GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_SSL_CERTS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...` overrides the `EndpointOption` (which defaults to \"sqladmin.googleapis.com\") used by `MakeSqlSslCertsServiceConnection()`.\n- `GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_TIERS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...` overrides the `EndpointOption` (which defaults to \"sqladmin.googleapis.com\") used by `MakeSqlTiersServiceConnection()`.\n- `GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_SQL_USERS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=...` overrides the `EndpointOption` (which defaults to \"sqladmin.googleapis.com\") used by `MakeSqlUsersServiceConnection()`.\n\n###### See Also\n\n[`google::cloud::EndpointOption`](https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest/structgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1EndpointOption.html)\n\nLogging\n-------\n\n`GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_ENABLE_TRACING=rpc`: turns on tracing for most gRPC calls. The library injects an additional Stub decorator that prints each gRPC request and response. Unless you have configured your own logging backend, you should also set `GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_ENABLE_CLOG` to produce any output on the program's console.\n\n###### See Also\n\n[`google::cloud::TracingComponentsOption`](https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest/structgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1TracingComponentsOption.html)`GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_TRACING_OPTIONS=...`: modifies the behavior of gRPC tracing, including whether messages will be output on multiple lines, or whether string/bytes fields will be truncated.\n\n###### See Also\n\n[`google::cloud::GrpcTracingOptionsOption`](https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest/structgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1GrpcTracingOptionsOption.html)`GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_ENABLE_CLOG=yes`: turns on logging in the library, basically the library always \"logs\" but the logging infrastructure has no backend to actually print anything until the application sets a backend or they set this environment variable.\n\n###### See Also\n\n[`google::cloud::LogBackend`](https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest/classgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1LogBackend.html)\n\n###### See Also\n\n[`google::cloud::LogSink`](https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest/classgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1LogSink.html)\n\nSetting the Default Project\n---------------------------\n\n`GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=...`: is used in examples and integration tests to configure the GCP project. This has no effect in the library."]]
