Behavior differences

This page describes behavioral differences between Cloud Firestore with MongoDB compatibility and MongoDB.

For a breakdown of supported features depending on MongoDB version, see:

• Supported features: 8.0
• Supported features: 7.0
• Supported features: 6.0
• Supported features: 5.0

Connections and databases

• Each connection is limited to a single Cloud Firestore with MongoDB compatibility database.
• A database must be created before connecting to it.

Naming

The following differences apply to naming parts of your data model.

Collections

• Collection names matching __.*__ are not supported.

Fields

• Field names matching __.*__ are not supported.
• Empty field names are not supported.

Documents

• The maximum document size is 4 MiB.
• The maximum nesting depth of fields is 20. Each Array and Object-typed field adds one level to the overall depth.

_id

• Document _id (top-level field) must be an ObjectId, String, or 64-bit integer. Other BSON types are not supported.
• Empty string ("") and 64-bit 0 (0L) are not supported.

Values

• The JavaScript, Symbol, DBPointer, and Undefined BSON types are not supported.

Date

• Date values must fall in [0001-01-01T00:00:00Z, 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z] .

Decimal128

• NaN , positive infinity, and negative infinity values are canonicalized on write.
• Arithmetic operations on Decimal128 are not supported.

Double

• NaN values are canonicalized on write.

Regular expression

• Regular expression options must be valid ("i", "m", "s", "u", or "x") and provided in alphabetical order without repeats.

Queries

• Natural sort order (queries without an explicit sort) does not match insertion order or order by _id ascending.

Aggregations

• Aggregations are limited to 250 stages.
• The $merge and $out stages are not supported. See the commands section for a complete list of supported stages and operators.
• The $lookup stage does not support the let and pipeline fields.

Writes

• Documents with names beginning with a dollar sign ("$") cannot be created using the upsert feature of update or findAndModify .
• Make sure your connection string includes retryWrites=false (or use the method appropriate to your driver) to make sure the driver does not attempt to use this feature. Retryable writes are not supported.

Transactions

• Snapshot isolation and serializable transactions are supported.

• By default, transactions use optimistic concurrency controls with snapshot isolation.

Read concern

• Cloud Firestore with MongoDB compatibility supports the snapshot , majority , and linearizable read concerns. The default is snapshot which refers to snapshot isolation.

  Use linearizable when the application requires strict consistency and must prevent write skew anomalies. For other workloads, snapshot can improve performance and reduce transaction contention.

Write concern

• Only w: 'majority' and w: 1 write concerns are supported.

Read preference

• Only the primary , primaryPreferred , primary_preferred , secondary_preferred , and nearest read concerns are supported.

Indexes

• Wildcard indexes are not supported.
• Cloud Firestore with MongoDB compatibility does not automatically create an index on _id , but it ensures values of _id are unique within a collection.
• Indexes without multi-key enabled are not automatically changed to multi-key indexes based on write operations. You must enable multi-key when you create the index and the option cannot be changed.

Errors

• Error codes and messages may differ between Cloud Firestore with MongoDB compatibility and MongoDB.

Commands

The following behavior differences apply to specific commands.

• Commands not listed in the following tables are unsupported.
• maxTimeMS is accepted by most commands but may be ignored.

Queries and writes

Transactions and sessions

Administration

What's next

• Run the Quickstart: Create a database and connect to it .
• For a full list of supported features, see Supported MongoDB data types, drivers, and features .