1) The other phrase is often used as a greeting. "How are you?"の意味で挨拶としても使いますね。 Right. Sometimes people say similar thing like "What's up?" or "What's new?", although I heard people complain about "What's new?". Because they don't know what to say, especially if
everyday?" "I have to have news for you every day?"
"Nothing in particular." というような答えになってしまって、 あまり会話のスタートとしては良くない、と考える人もいる。
2) Yeah, but still it's very common.
あるいは、"What are you up to?"というのもありますね。
3) Yeah, you should be careful using that as a greeting, though. Because it sounds like the person speaking "So, you're doing something.", and they don't understand what you are doing or why you are doing it.
"What do you mean?"と聞き返されることがあるかもしれません。
■ advice and council 助言と指導
4) Uh huh, ways usually means how to do something, processes, uh things that will get you what you want. And means usually means the financial or monetary support that helps you get what you want.
ways and means 歳入、歳出、財源という意味もある Ways and Means Committee 政府の財源に関する委員会
■ pass up 5) It was too good there was no way I could say no. Although there was a movie that made the phrase "Make him an offer he can't refuse."*famous because the phrase means we were forced him to do it. But we were presented this something nice like an offer.
6) Another way you can use this phrase is if you don't want to take advantage of an opportunity is to say "I'll take a pass on that."
■ employee turnover 転職率、離職率
7) In the restaurant business, "turnover" often refers to how many customers you serve. That's how often your tables are turned over. So to be profitable, for example, a restaurant may need to turn the tables over twice, just to break-even. And more turnover after that, more customers at the same table, turns into profit.
■ last but far from least
通常の言い方は、last but not least
8) Right. This phrase is been used a lot. So I think it's turned into kind of a cliche, so nobody really pays attention to it. At which is really kind of opposite of what the phrase originally with used to mean. It was saying, the priority of items isn't the important thing, although it's last, it's not unimportant. But now because the phrases become such a cliche, people don't really pay attention to it.