StatusOrreturns a value on success and aStatuson error.
futureandpromisefutures (a holder that will receive a value asynchronously) and promises (the counterpart of a future, where values are stored asynchronously). They satisfy the API forstd::futureandstd::promise, and add support for callbacks and cancellation.
More information
Error Handlingfor more details about how the libraries report run-time errors and how you can handle them.
[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-09-04 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis page details the common components of the Google Cloud C++ Client Libraries, including authentication, configuration, error reporting, and asynchronous operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe library provides \u003ccode\u003eCredentials\u003c/code\u003e for authentication, \u003ccode\u003eOptions\u003c/code\u003e for client configuration, \u003ccode\u003eStatus\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eStatusOr\u003c/code\u003e for error handling, and \u003ccode\u003efuture\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003epromise\u003c/code\u003e for asynchronous tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eVersion 2.37.0-rc is the latest release candidate, and multiple previous versions are accessible for review, with the current version documented being 2.34.0.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eSpecific namespaces containing "internal" or "testing" are reserved for internal use, and use of these namespaces is discouraged as they are subject to change.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["Version 2.34.0keyboard_arrow_down\n\n- [2.42.0-rc (latest)](/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest)\n- [2.41.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.41.0)\n- [2.40.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.40.0)\n- [2.39.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.39.0)\n- [2.38.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.38.0)\n- [2.37.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.37.0)\n- [2.36.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.36.0)\n- [2.35.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.35.0)\n- [2.34.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0)\n- [2.33.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.33.0)\n- [2.32.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.32.0)\n- [2.31.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.31.0)\n- [2.30.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.30.0)\n- [2.29.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.29.0)\n- [2.28.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.28.0)\n- [2.27.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.27.0)\n- [2.26.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.26.0)\n- [2.25.1](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.25.1)\n- [2.24.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.24.0)\n- [2.23.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.23.0)\n- [2.22.1](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.22.1)\n- [2.21.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.21.0)\n- [2.20.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.20.0)\n- [2.19.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.19.0)\n- [2.18.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.18.0)\n- [2.17.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.17.0)\n- [2.16.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.16.0)\n- [2.15.1](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.15.1)\n- [2.14.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.14.0)\n- [2.13.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.13.0)\n- [2.12.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.12.0)\n- [2.11.0](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.11.0)\n- [2.10.1](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.10.1) \n\nCommon Components for the Google Cloud C++ Client Libraries\n===========================================================\n\nOverview\n--------\n\nThis library contains common components shared by all the Google Cloud C++ Client Libraries. Including:\n\n- [Credentials](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/classgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1Credentials) are used to configure authentication in the client libraries. See [Authentication Components](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/group__guac) for more details on authentication.\n- [Options](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/classgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1Options) are used to override the client library default configuration. See [Client Library Configuration](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/group__options) for more details on library configuration.\n- [Status](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/classgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1Status) error codes and details from an operation.\n- [StatusOr](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/classgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1StatusOr) returns a value on success and a `Status` on error.\n- [future](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/classgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1future) and [promise](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/classgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1promise) futures (a holder that will receive a value asynchronously) and promises (the counterpart of a future, where values are stored asynchronously). They satisfy the API for `std::future` and `std::promise`, and add support for callbacks and cancellation.\n\n| **Warning:** Some namespaces are reserved for implementation details and are subject to change without notice. Do not use any symbols in these namespaces as your application may break when trying to use future versions of the library. These namespaces include: - Any namespace with `internal` in its name, including `google::cloud::internal` and `google::cloud::rest_internal`. - Any namespace with `testing` in its name, including `google::cloud::testing_util`.\n\n### More information\n\n- [Error Handling](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/common-error-handling) for more details about how the libraries report run-time errors and how you can handle them.\n- [Client Library Configuration](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/group__options) for information about configuring the client libraries at runtime.\n- [Authentication Components](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/group__guac) for more details about how to configure authentication in the client libraries.\n- [Logging Components](/cpp/docs/reference/common/2.34.0/logging) for information about enabling logging to the console in the client libraries."]]
