Link Manager To Client
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Java
// Copyright 2019 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package
com.google.ads.googleads.examples.accountmanagement
;
import
com.beust.jcommander.Parameter
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.examples.utils.ArgumentNames
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.examples.utils.CodeSampleParams
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.lib.GoogleAdsClient
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.lib.utils.FieldMasks
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.enums.ManagerLinkStatusEnum.ManagerLinkStatus
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.errors.GoogleAdsError
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.errors.GoogleAdsException
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.services.CustomerClientLinkOperation
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.services.CustomerClientLinkServiceClient
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.services.CustomerManagerLinkOperation
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.services.CustomerManagerLinkServiceClient
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.services.GoogleAdsRow
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.services.GoogleAdsServiceClient
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.services.GoogleAdsServiceClient.SearchPagedResponse
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.services.MutateCustomerClientLinkResponse
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.services.MutateCustomerManagerLinkResponse
;
import
com.google.ads.googleads.v21.utils.ResourceNames
;
import
java.io.FileNotFoundException
;
import
java.io.IOException
;
import
java.util.Arrays
;
/**
* Demonstrates how to link an existing Google Ads manager customer to an existing Google Ads client
* customer.
*/
public
class
LinkManagerToClient
{
private
static
class
LinkManagerToClientParams
extends
CodeSampleParams
{
@Parameter
(
names
=
ArgumentNames
.
CUSTOMER_ID
,
required
=
true
)
private
long
customerId
;
@Parameter
(
names
=
ArgumentNames
.
MANAGER_ID
,
required
=
true
)
private
long
managerId
;
}
public
static
void
main
(
String
[]
args
)
throws
IOException
{
LinkManagerToClientParams
params
=
new
LinkManagerToClientParams
();
if
(
!
params
.
parseArguments
(
args
))
{
// Either pass the required parameters for this example on the command line, or insert them
// into the code here. See the parameter class definition above for descriptions.
params
.
customerId
=
Long
.
parseLong
(
"INSERT_CUSTOMER_ID_HERE"
);
params
.
managerId
=
Long
.
parseLong
(
"INSERT_MANAGER_ID_HERE"
);
}
GoogleAdsClient
googleAdsClient
=
null
;
try
{
googleAdsClient
=
GoogleAdsClient
.
newBuilder
().
fromPropertiesFile
().
build
();
}
catch
(
FileNotFoundException
fnfe
)
{
System
.
err
.
printf
(
"Failed to load GoogleAdsClient configuration from file. Exception: %s%n"
,
fnfe
);
System
.
exit
(
1
);
}
catch
(
IOException
ioe
)
{
System
.
err
.
printf
(
"Failed to create GoogleAdsClient. Exception: %s%n"
,
ioe
);
System
.
exit
(
1
);
}
try
{
new
LinkManagerToClient
().
runExample
(
googleAdsClient
,
params
.
customerId
,
params
.
managerId
);
}
catch
(
GoogleAdsException
gae
)
{
// GoogleAdsException is the base class for most exceptions thrown by an API request.
// Instances of this exception have a message and a GoogleAdsFailure that contains a
// collection of GoogleAdsErrors that indicate the underlying causes of the
// GoogleAdsException.
System
.
err
.
printf
(
"Request ID %s failed due to GoogleAdsException. Underlying errors:%n"
,
gae
.
getRequestId
());
int
i
=
0
;
for
(
GoogleAdsError
googleAdsError
:
gae
.
getGoogleAdsFailure
().
getErrorsList
())
{
System
.
err
.
printf
(
" Error %d: %s%n"
,
i
++
,
googleAdsError
);
}
System
.
exit
(
1
);
}
}
/** Runs the example. */
private
void
runExample
(
GoogleAdsClient
googleAdsClient
,
long
clientCustomerId
,
long
managerId
)
{
// This example assumes that the same credentials will work for both customers, but that may not
// be the case. If you need to use different credentials for each customer, then you may either
// update the client configuration or instantiate two clients, one for each set of credentials.
// Always make sure you use a GoogleAdsClient with the proper credentials to fetch any services
// you need to use.
// Extend an invitation to the client while authenticating as the manager.
googleAdsClient
=
googleAdsClient
.
toBuilder
().
setLoginCustomerId
(
managerId
).
build
();
CustomerClientLinkOperation
.
Builder
clientLinkOp
=
CustomerClientLinkOperation
.
newBuilder
();
clientLinkOp
.
getCreateBuilder
()
.
setStatus
(
ManagerLinkStatus
.
PENDING
)
.
setClientCustomer
(
ResourceNames
.
customer
(
clientCustomerId
));
String
pendingLinkResourceName
;
try
(
CustomerClientLinkServiceClient
customerClientLinkServiceClient
=
googleAdsClient
.
getLatestVersion
().
createCustomerClientLinkServiceClient
())
{
MutateCustomerClientLinkResponse
response
=
customerClientLinkServiceClient
.
mutateCustomerClientLink
(
String
.
valueOf
(
managerId
),
clientLinkOp
.
build
());
pendingLinkResourceName
=
response
.
getResult
().
getResourceName
();
System
.
out
.
printf
(
"Extended an invitation from customer %s to customer %s with client link resource name"
+
" %s%n"
,
managerId
,
clientCustomerId
,
pendingLinkResourceName
);
}
// Find the manager_link_id of the link we just created, so we can construct the resource name
// for the link from the client side.
String
query
=
"SELECT customer_client_link.manager_link_id FROM customer_client_link WHERE"
+
" customer_client_link.resource_name = '"
+
pendingLinkResourceName
+
"'"
;
long
managerLinkId
;
try
(
GoogleAdsServiceClient
googleAdsServiceClient
=
googleAdsClient
.
getLatestVersion
().
createGoogleAdsServiceClient
())
{
SearchPagedResponse
response
=
googleAdsServiceClient
.
search
(
String
.
valueOf
(
managerId
),
query
);
GoogleAdsRow
result
=
response
.
iterateAll
().
iterator
().
next
();
managerLinkId
=
result
.
getCustomerClientLink
().
getManagerLinkId
();
}
// Accept the link using the client account.
CustomerManagerLinkOperation
.
Builder
managerLinkOp
=
CustomerManagerLinkOperation
.
newBuilder
();
managerLinkOp
.
getUpdateBuilder
()
.
setResourceName
(
ResourceNames
.
customerManagerLink
(
clientCustomerId
,
managerId
,
managerLinkId
))
.
setStatus
(
ManagerLinkStatus
.
ACTIVE
);
managerLinkOp
.
setUpdateMask
(
FieldMasks
.
allSetFieldsOf
(
managerLinkOp
.
getUpdate
()));
googleAdsClient
=
googleAdsClient
.
toBuilder
().
setLoginCustomerId
(
clientCustomerId
).
build
();
try
(
CustomerManagerLinkServiceClient
managerLinkServiceClient
=
googleAdsClient
.
getLatestVersion
().
createCustomerManagerLinkServiceClient
())
{
MutateCustomerManagerLinkResponse
response
=
managerLinkServiceClient
.
mutateCustomerManagerLink
(
String
.
valueOf
(
clientCustomerId
),
Arrays
.
asList
(
managerLinkOp
.
build
()));
System
.
out
.
printf
(
"Client accepted invitation with resource name %s%n"
,
response
.
getResults
(
0
).
getResourceName
());
}
}
}
C#
// Copyright 2019 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
using
CommandLine
;
using
Google.Ads.Gax.Examples
;
using
Google.Ads.Gax.Util
;
using
Google.Ads.GoogleAds.Lib
;
using
Google.Ads.GoogleAds.V21.Errors
;
using
Google.Ads.GoogleAds.V21.Resources
;
using
Google.Ads.GoogleAds.V21.Services
;
using
System
;
using
System.Collections.Generic
;
using
System.Linq
;
using
static
Google
.
Ads
.
GoogleAds
.
V21
.
Enums
.
ManagerLinkStatusEnum
.
Types
;
namespace
Google.Ads.GoogleAds.Examples.V21
{
/// <summary>
/// This code example demonstrates how to link an existing Google Ads manager customer
/// account to an existing Google Ads client customer account.
/// </summary>
public
class
LinkManagerToClient
:
ExampleBase
{
/// <summary>
/// Command line options for running the <see cref="LinkManagerToClient"/> example.
/// </summary>
public
class
Options
:
OptionsBase
{
/// <summary>
/// ID of the client customer being linked.
/// </summary>
[Option("clientCustomerId", Required = true, HelpText =
"ID of the client customer being linked.")]
public
long
ClientCustomerId
{
get
;
set
;
}
/// <summary>
/// ID of the manager customer that is being linked to.
/// </summary>
[Option("managerCustomerId", Required = true, HelpText =
"ID of the manager customer that is being linked to.")]
public
long
ManagerCustomerId
{
get
;
set
;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Main method, to run this code example as a standalone application.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="args">The command line arguments.</param>
public
static
void
Main
(
string
[]
args
)
{
Options
options
=
ExampleUtilities
.
ParseCommandLine<Options>
(
args
);
LinkManagerToClient
codeExample
=
new
LinkManagerToClient
();
Console
.
WriteLine
(
codeExample
.
Description
);
codeExample
.
Run
(
new
GoogleAdsClient
(),
options
.
ClientCustomerId
,
options
.
ManagerCustomerId
);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a description about the code example.
/// </summary>
public
override
string
Description
=
>
"This code example demonstrates how to link an existing Google Ads manager customer "
+
"account to an existing Google Ads client customer account."
;
/// <summary>
/// Runs the code example.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="client">The Google Ads client.</param>
/// <param name="clientCustomerId">ID of the client customer being linked.</param>
/// <param name="managerCustomerId">ID of the manager customer that is being linked to.
/// </param>
public
void
Run
(
GoogleAdsClient
client
,
long
managerCustomerId
,
long
clientCustomerId
)
{
// Remarks: For ease of understanding, this code example assumes that managerCustomerId
// and clientCustomerId have the login email (and hence the same credentials work for
// both accounts). In real life, this might not be the case, so you'd have a separate
// GoogleAdsClient for managerCustomerId and clientCustomerId.
try
{
// Extend an invitation to the client while authenticating as the manager.
string
customerClientLinkResourceName
=
CreateInvitation
(
client
,
managerCustomerId
,
clientCustomerId
);
// Retrieve the manager link information.
string
managerLinkResourceName
=
GetManagerLinkResourceName
(
client
,
managerCustomerId
,
clientCustomerId
,
customerClientLinkResourceName
);
// Accept the manager's invitation while authenticating as the client.
AcceptInvitation
(
client
,
clientCustomerId
,
managerLinkResourceName
);
}
catch
(
GoogleAdsException
e
)
{
Console
.
WriteLine
(
"Failure:"
);
Console
.
WriteLine
(
$"Message: {e.Message}"
);
Console
.
WriteLine
(
$"Failure: {e.Failure}"
);
Console
.
WriteLine
(
$"Request ID: {e.RequestId}"
);
throw
;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Extends an invitation from a manager customer to a client customer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="client">The Google Ads client.</param>
/// <param name="managerCustomerId">The manager customer ID.</param>
/// <param name="clientCustomerId">The client customer ID.</param>
/// <returns>The invitation resource name.</returns>
private
string
CreateInvitation
(
GoogleAdsClient
client
,
long
managerCustomerId
,
long
clientCustomerId
)
{
// Get the CustomerClientLinkService.
CustomerClientLinkServiceClient
customerClientLinkService
=
client
.
GetService
(
Services
.
V21
.
CustomerClientLinkService
);
// Create a client with the manager customer ID as login customer ID.
client
.
Config
.
LoginCustomerId
=
managerCustomerId
.
ToString
();
// Create a customer client link.
CustomerClientLink
customerClientLink
=
new
CustomerClientLink
()
{
ClientCustomer
=
ResourceNames
.
Customer
(
clientCustomerId
),
// Sets the client customer to invite.
Status
=
ManagerLinkStatus
.
Pending
};
// Creates a customer client link operation for creating the one above.
CustomerClientLinkOperation
customerClientLinkOperation
=
new
CustomerClientLinkOperation
()
{
Create
=
customerClientLink
};
// Issue a mutate request to create the customer client link.
MutateCustomerClientLinkResponse
response
=
customerClientLinkService
.
MutateCustomerClientLink
(
managerCustomerId
.
ToString
(),
customerClientLinkOperation
);
// Prints the result.
string
customerClientLinkResourceName
=
response
.
Result
.
ResourceName
;
Console
.
WriteLine
(
$"An invitation has been extended from the manager "
+
$"customer {managerCustomerId} to the client customer {clientCustomerId} with "
+
$"the customer client link resource name '{customerClientLinkResourceName}'."
);
// Returns the resource name of the created customer client link.
return
customerClientLinkResourceName
;
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the manager link resource name of a customer client link given its resource
/// name.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="client">The Google Ads client.</param>
/// <param name="managerCustomerId">The manager customer ID.</param>
/// <param name="clientCustomerId">The client customer ID.</param>
/// <param name="customerClientLinkResourceName">The customer client link resource
/// name.</param>
/// <returns>The manager link resource name.</returns>
private
string
GetManagerLinkResourceName
(
GoogleAdsClient
client
,
long
managerCustomerId
,
long
clientCustomerId
,
string
customerClientLinkResourceName
)
{
// Get the GoogleAdsService.
GoogleAdsServiceClient
googleAdsService
=
client
.
GetService
(
Services
.
V21
.
GoogleAdsService
);
// Create a client with the manager customer ID as login customer ID.
client
.
Config
.
LoginCustomerId
=
managerCustomerId
.
ToString
();
// Creates the query.
string
query
=
"SELECT customer_client_link.manager_link_id FROM "
+
"customer_client_link WHERE customer_client_link.resource_name = "
+
$"'{customerClientLinkResourceName}'"
;
// Issue a search request by specifying the page size.
GoogleAdsRow
result
=
googleAdsService
.
Search
(
managerCustomerId
.
ToString
(),
query
).
First
();
// Gets the ID and resource name associated to the manager link found.
long
managerLinkId
=
result
.
CustomerClientLink
.
ManagerLinkId
;
string
managerLinkResourceName
=
ResourceNames
.
CustomerManagerLink
(
clientCustomerId
,
managerCustomerId
,
managerLinkId
);
// Prints the result.
Console
.
WriteLine
(
$"Retrieved the manager link of the customer client link: its ID "
+
$"is {managerLinkId} and its resource name is '{managerLinkResourceName}'."
);
// Returns the resource name of the manager link found.
return
managerLinkResourceName
;
}
/// <summary>
/// Accepts the invitation.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="client">The Google Ads client.</param>
/// <param name="clientCustomerId">The client customer ID.</param>
/// <param name="managerLinkResourceName">The manager link resource name.</param>
private
void
AcceptInvitation
(
GoogleAdsClient
client
,
long
clientCustomerId
,
string
managerLinkResourceName
)
{
// Get the CustomerManagerLinkService.
CustomerManagerLinkServiceClient
customerManagerLinkService
=
client
.
GetService
(
Services
.
V21
.
CustomerManagerLinkService
);
// Create a client with the client customer ID as login customer ID.
client
.
Config
.
LoginCustomerId
=
clientCustomerId
.
ToString
();
// Creates the customer manager link with the updated status.
CustomerManagerLink
customerManagerLink
=
new
CustomerManagerLink
()
{
ResourceName
=
managerLinkResourceName
,
Status
=
ManagerLinkStatus
.
Active
};
// Creates a customer manager link operation for updating the one above.
CustomerManagerLinkOperation
customerManagerLinkOperation
=
new
CustomerManagerLinkOperation
()
{
Update
=
customerManagerLink
,
UpdateMask
=
FieldMasks
.
AllSetFieldsOf
(
customerManagerLink
)
};
// Issue a mutate request to update the customer manager link.
MutateCustomerManagerLinkResponse
response
=
customerManagerLinkService
.
MutateCustomerManagerLink
(
clientCustomerId
.
ToString
(),
new
[]
{
customerManagerLinkOperation
}
);
// Prints the result.
Console
.
WriteLine
(
$"The client {clientCustomerId} accepted the invitation with "
+
$"the resource name '{response.Results[0].ResourceName}"
);
}
}
}
PHP
< ?php
/**
* Copyright 2019 Google LLC
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
namespace Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Examples\AccountManagement;
require __DIR__ . '/../../vendor/autoload.php';
use GetOpt\GetOpt;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Examples\Utils\ArgumentNames;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Examples\Utils\ArgumentParser;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Lib\OAuth2TokenBuilder;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Lib\V21\GoogleAdsClient;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Lib\V21\GoogleAdsClientBuilder;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Lib\V21\GoogleAdsException;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Util\FieldMasks;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Util\V21\ResourceNames;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V21\Enums\ManagerLinkStatusEnum\ManagerLinkStatus;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V21\Errors\GoogleAdsError;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V21\Resources\CustomerClientLink;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V21\Resources\CustomerManagerLink;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V21\Services\CustomerClientLinkOperation;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V21\Services\CustomerManagerLinkOperation;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V21\Services\MutateCustomerClientLinkRequest;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V21\Services\MutateCustomerManagerLinkRequest;
use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V21\Services\SearchGoogleAdsRequest;
use Google\ApiCore\ApiException;
/**
* This example demonstrates how to link an existing Google Ads manager customer
* account to an existing Google Ads client customer account.
*/
class LinkManagerToClient
{
private const MANAGER_CUSTOMER_ID = 'INSERT_MANAGER_CUSTOMER_ID_HERE';
private const CUSTOMER_ID = 'INSERT_CUSTOMER_ID_HERE';
public static function main()
{
// Either pass the required parameters for this example on the command line, or insert them
// into the constants above.
$options = (new ArgumentParser())->parseCommandArguments([
ArgumentNames::MANAGER_CUSTOMER_ID => GetOpt::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT,
ArgumentNames::CUSTOMER_ID => GetOpt::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT
]);
try {
self::runExample(
$options[ArgumentNames::MANAGER_CUSTOMER_ID] ?: self::MANAGER_CUSTOMER_ID,
$options[ArgumentNames::CUSTOMER_ID] ?: self::CUSTOMER_ID
);
} catch (GoogleAdsException $googleAdsException) {
printf(
"Request with ID '%s' has failed.%sGoogle Ads failure details:%s",
$googleAdsException->getRequestId(),
PHP_EOL,
PHP_EOL
);
foreach ($googleAdsException->getGoogleAdsFailure()->getErrors() as $error) {
/** @var GoogleAdsError $error */
printf(
"\t%s: %s%s",
$error->getErrorCode()->getErrorCode(),
$error->getMessage(),
PHP_EOL
);
}
exit(1);
} catch (ApiException $apiException) {
printf(
"ApiException was thrown with message '%s'.%s",
$apiException->getMessage(),
PHP_EOL
);
exit(1);
}
}
/**
* Runs the example.
*
* This example assumes that the same credentials will work for both customers,
* but that may not be the case. If you need to use different credentials
* for each customer, then you may either update the client configuration or
* instantiate the clients accordingly, one for each set of credentials. Always make
* sure to update the configuration before fetching any services you need to use.
*
* @param int $managerCustomerId the manager customer ID
* @param int $clientCustomerId the customer ID
*/
public static function runExample(int $managerCustomerId, int $clientCustomerId)
{
// Extends an invitation to the client while authenticating as the manager.
$customerClientLinkResourceName = self::createInvitation(
$managerCustomerId,
$clientCustomerId
);
// Retrieves the manager link information.
$managerLinkResourceName = self::getManagerLinkResourceName(
$managerCustomerId,
$clientCustomerId,
$customerClientLinkResourceName
);
// Accepts the manager's invitation while authenticating as the client.
self::acceptInvitation($clientCustomerId, $managerLinkResourceName);
}
/**
* Extends an invitation from a manager customer to a client customer.
*
* @param int $managerCustomerId the manager customer ID
* @param int $clientCustomerId the customer ID
* @return string the resource name of the customer client link created for the invitation
*/
private static function createInvitation(
int $managerCustomerId,
int $clientCustomerId
) {
// Creates a client with the manager customer ID as login customer ID.
$googleAdsClient = self::createGoogleAdsClient($managerCustomerId);
// Creates a customer client link.
$customerClientLink = new CustomerClientLink([
// Sets the client customer to invite.
'client_customer' => ResourceNames::forCustomer($clientCustomerId),
'status' => ManagerLinkStatus::PENDING
]);
// Creates a customer client link operation for creating the one above.
$customerClientLinkOperation = new CustomerClientLinkOperation();
$customerClientLinkOperation->setCreate($customerClientLink);
// Issues a mutate request to create the customer client link.
$customerClientLinkServiceClient = $googleAdsClient->getCustomerClientLinkServiceClient();
$response = $customerClientLinkServiceClient->mutateCustomerClientLink(
MutateCustomerClientLinkRequest::build(
$managerCustomerId,
$customerClientLinkOperation
)
);
// Prints the result.
$customerClientLinkResourceName = $response->getResult()->getResourceName();
printf(
"An invitation has been extended from the manager customer %d" .
" to the client customer %d with the customer client link resource name '%s'.%s",
$managerCustomerId,
$clientCustomerId,
$customerClientLinkResourceName,
PHP_EOL
);
// Returns the resource name of the created customer client link.
return $customerClientLinkResourceName;
}
/**
* Retrieves the manager link resource name of a customer client link given its resource name.
*
* @param int $managerCustomerId the manager customer ID
* @param int $clientCustomerId the customer ID
* @param string $customerClientLinkResourceName the customer client link resource name
* @return string the manager link resource name
*/
private static function getManagerLinkResourceName(
int $managerCustomerId,
int $clientCustomerId,
string $customerClientLinkResourceName
) {
// Creates a client with the manager customer ID as login customer ID.
$googleAdsClient = self::createGoogleAdsClient($managerCustomerId);
// Creates the query.
$query = "SELECT customer_client_link.manager_link_id FROM customer_client_link" .
" WHERE customer_client_link.resource_name = '$customerClientLinkResourceName'";
// Issues a search request.
$googleAdsServiceClient = $googleAdsClient->getGoogleAdsServiceClient();
$response = $googleAdsServiceClient->search(
SearchGoogleAdsRequest::build($managerCustomerId, $query)
);
// Gets the ID and resource name associated to the manager link found.
$managerLinkId = $response->getIterator()->current()
->getCustomerClientLink()
->getManagerLinkId();
$managerLinkResourceName = ResourceNames::forCustomerManagerLink(
$clientCustomerId,
$managerCustomerId,
$managerLinkId
);
// Prints the result.
printf(
"Retrieved the manager link of the customer client link:" .
" its ID is %d and its resource name is '%s'.%s",
$managerLinkId,
$managerLinkResourceName,
PHP_EOL
);
// Returns the resource name of the manager link found.
return $managerLinkResourceName;
}
/**
* Accepts an invitation.
*
* @param int $clientCustomerId the customer ID
* @param string $managerLinkResourceName the resource name of the manager link to accept
*/
private static function acceptInvitation(
int $clientCustomerId,
string $managerLinkResourceName
) {
// Creates a client with the client customer ID as login customer ID.
$googleAdsClient = self::createGoogleAdsClient($clientCustomerId);
// Creates the customer manager link with the updated status.
$customerManagerLink = new CustomerManagerLink();
$customerManagerLink->setResourceName($managerLinkResourceName);
$customerManagerLink->setStatus(ManagerLinkStatus::ACTIVE);
// Creates a customer manager link operation for updating the one above.
$customerManagerLinkOperation = new CustomerManagerLinkOperation();
$customerManagerLinkOperation->setUpdate($customerManagerLink);
$customerManagerLinkOperation->setUpdateMask(
FieldMasks::allSetFieldsOf($customerManagerLink)
);
// Issues a mutate request to update the customer manager link.
$customerManagerLinkServiceClient =
$googleAdsClient->getCustomerManagerLinkServiceClient();
$response = $customerManagerLinkServiceClient->mutateCustomerManagerLink(
MutateCustomerManagerLinkRequest::build(
$clientCustomerId,
[$customerManagerLinkOperation]
)
);
// Prints the result.
printf(
"The client %d accepted the invitation with the resource name '%s'.%s",
$clientCustomerId,
$response->getResults()[0]->getResourceName(),
PHP_EOL
);
}
/**
* Creates a Google Ads client based on the default configuration file
* and a given login customer id.
*
* @param int $loginCustomerId the login customer ID
* @return GoogleAdsClient the created client
*/
private static function createGoogleAdsClient(int $loginCustomerId)
{
// Generates a refreshable OAuth2 credential for authentication.
$oAuth2Credential = (new OAuth2TokenBuilder())
// Sets the properties based on the default properties file
->fromFile()
->build();
// Builds and returns the Google Ads client
return (new GoogleAdsClientBuilder())
// Sets the properties based on the default properties file
->fromFile()
// Uses the OAuth2 credentials created above.
->withOAuth2Credential($oAuth2Credential)
// Overrides the login customer ID with the given one.
->withLoginCustomerId($loginCustomerId)
->build();
}
}
LinkManagerToClient::main();
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright 2019 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""This example shows how to link a manager customer to a client customer."""
import
argparse
import
sys
from
google.api_core
import
protobuf_helpers
from
google.protobuf.field_mask_pb2
import
FieldMask
from
google.ads.googleads.client
import
GoogleAdsClient
from
google.ads.googleads.errors
import
GoogleAdsException
from
google.ads.googleads.v21.services.services.customer_client_link_service.client
import
(
CustomerClientLinkServiceClient
,
)
from
google.ads.googleads.v21.services.types.customer_client_link_service
import
(
CustomerClientLinkOperation
,
MutateCustomerClientLinkResponse
,
)
from
google.ads.googleads.v21.resources.types.customer_client_link
import
(
CustomerClientLink
,
)
from
google.ads.googleads.v21.services.services.google_ads_service.client
import
(
GoogleAdsServiceClient
,
)
from
google.ads.googleads.v21.services.types.google_ads_service
import
(
SearchPagedResponse
,
GoogleAdsRow
,
)
from
google.ads.googleads.v21.services.services.customer_manager_link_service.client
import
(
CustomerManagerLinkServiceClient
,
)
from
google.ads.googleads.v21.services.types.customer_manager_link_service
import
(
CustomerManagerLinkOperation
,
MutateCustomerManagerLinkResponse
,
)
from
google.ads.googleads.v21.resources.types.customer_manager_link
import
(
CustomerManagerLink
,
)
# ManagerLinkStatusEnum is used via client.enums
def
main
(
client
:
GoogleAdsClient
,
customer_id
:
str
,
manager_customer_id
:
str
)
-
> None
:
# This example assumes that the same credentials will work for both
# customers, but that may not be the case. If you need to use different
# credentials for each customer, then you may either update the client
# configuration or instantiate two clients, where at least one points to
# a specific configuration file so that both clients don't read the same
# file located in the $HOME dir.
customer_client_link_service
:
CustomerClientLinkServiceClient
=
(
client
.
get_service
(
"CustomerClientLinkService"
)
)
# Extend an invitation to the client while authenticating as the manager.
client_link_operation
:
CustomerClientLinkOperation
=
client
.
get_type
(
"CustomerClientLinkOperation"
)
client_link
:
CustomerClientLink
=
client_link_operation
.
create
client_link
.
client_customer
=
customer_client_link_service
.
customer_path
(
customer_id
)
# client_link.status expects an enum value (int)
client_link
.
status
=
client
.
enums
.
ManagerLinkStatusEnum
.
PENDING
.
value
response
:
MutateCustomerClientLinkResponse
=
(
customer_client_link_service
.
mutate_customer_client_link
(
customer_id
=
manager_customer_id
,
operation
=
client_link_operation
)
)
resource_name
:
str
=
response
.
results
[
0
]
.
resource_name
print
(
f
'Extended an invitation from customer "
{
manager_customer_id
}
" to '
f
'customer "
{
customer_id
}
" with client link resource_name '
f
'"
{
resource_name
}
"'
)
# Find the manager_link_id of the link we just created, so we can construct
# the resource name for the link from the client side. Note that since we
# are filtering by resource_name, a unique identifier, only one
# customer_client_link resource will be returned in the response
query
=
f
'''
SELECT
customer_client_link.manager_link_id
FROM
customer_client_link
WHERE
customer_client_link.resource_name = "
{
resource_name
}
"'''
ga_service
:
GoogleAdsServiceClient
=
client
.
get_service
(
"GoogleAdsService"
)
manager_link_id
:
int
=
-
1
# Initialize with a default value
try
:
search_response
:
SearchPagedResponse
=
ga_service
.
search
(
customer_id
=
manager_customer_id
,
query
=
query
)
# Since the googleads_service.search method returns an iterator we need
# to initialize an iteration in order to retrieve results, even though
# we know the query will only return a single row.
row
:
GoogleAdsRow
for
row
in
search_response
:
# Assuming direct iteration
manager_link_id
=
row
.
customer_client_link
.
manager_link_id
except
GoogleAdsException
as
ex
:
# handle_googleads_exception(ex) # This function is not defined here
print
(
f
"GoogleAdsException:
{
ex
}
"
)
# Basic error handling
sys
.
exit
(
1
)
customer_manager_link_service
:
CustomerManagerLinkServiceClient
=
(
client
.
get_service
(
"CustomerManagerLinkService"
)
)
manager_link_operation
:
CustomerManagerLinkOperation
=
client
.
get_type
(
"CustomerManagerLinkOperation"
)
manager_link
:
CustomerManagerLink
=
manager_link_operation
.
update
manager_link
.
resource_name
=
(
customer_manager_link_service
.
customer_manager_link_path
(
customer_id
,
manager_customer_id
,
manager_link_id
,
# type: ignore
)
)
# manager_link.status expects an enum value (int)
manager_link
.
status
=
client
.
enums
.
ManagerLinkStatusEnum
.
ACTIVE
.
value
# manager_link_operation.update_mask is a FieldMask
update_mask
:
FieldMask
=
protobuf_helpers
.
field_mask
(
None
,
manager_link
.
_pb
)
client
.
copy_from
(
manager_link_operation
.
update_mask
,
update_mask
,
)
mutate_manager_link_response
:
MutateCustomerManagerLinkResponse
=
(
customer_manager_link_service
.
mutate_customer_manager_link
(
customer_id
=
customer_id
,
operations
=
[
manager_link_operation
]
)
)
print
(
"Client accepted invitation with resource_name: "
f
'"
{
mutate_manager_link_response
.
results
[
0
]
.
resource_name
}
"'
)
if
__name__
==
"__main__"
:
parser
=
argparse
.
ArgumentParser
(
description
=
(
"Links an existing manager customer to an existing"
"client customer"
)
)
# The following argument(s) should be provided to run the example.
parser
.
add_argument
(
"-c"
,
"--customer_id"
,
type
=
str
,
required
=
True
,
help
=
"The customer ID."
)
parser
.
add_argument
(
"-m"
,
"--manager_customer_id"
,
type
=
str
,
required
=
True
,
help
=
"The manager customer ID."
,
)
args
=
parser
.
parse_args
()
# GoogleAdsClient will read the google-ads.yaml configuration file in the
# home directory if none is specified.
googleads_client
=
GoogleAdsClient
.
load_from_storage
(
version
=
"v21"
)
try
:
main
(
googleads_client
,
args
.
customer_id
,
args
.
manager_customer_id
)
except
GoogleAdsException
as
ex
:
print
(
f
'Request with ID "
{
ex
.
request_id
}
" failed with status '
f
'"
{
ex
.
error
.
code
()
.
name
}
" and includes the following errors:'
)
for
error
in
ex
.
failure
.
errors
:
print
(
f
'
\t
Error with message "
{
error
.
message
}
".'
)
if
error
.
location
:
for
field_path_element
in
error
.
location
.
field_path_elements
:
print
(
f
"
\t\t
On field:
{
field_path_element
.
field_name
}
"
)
sys
.
exit
(
1
)
Ruby
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
# Encoding: utf-8
#
# Copyright 2019 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
# This example demonstrates how to link an existing Google Ads manager customer
# to an existing Google Ads client customer.
require
'optparse'
require
'google/ads/google_ads'
def
link_manager_to_client
(
manager_customer_id
,
client_customer_id
)
# GoogleAdsClient will read a config file from
# ENV['HOME']/google_ads_config.rb when called without parameters
client
=
Google
::
Ads
::
GoogleAds
::
GoogleAdsClient
.
new
# This example assumes that the same credentials will work for both customers,
# but that may not be the case. If you need to use different credentials
# for each customer, then you may either update the client configuration or
# instantiate two clients, one for each set of credentials. Always make sure
# to update the configuration before fetching any services you need to use.
# Extend an invitation to the client while authenticating as the manager.
client
.
configure
do
|
config
|
config
.
login_customer_id
=
manager_customer_id
.
to_i
end
client_link
=
client
.
resource
.
customer_client_link
do
|
link
|
link
.
client_customer
=
client
.
path
.
customer
(
client_customer_id
)
link
.
status
=
:PENDING
end
client_link_operation
=
client
.
operation
.
create_resource
.
customer_client_link
(
client_link
)
response
=
client
.
service
.
customer_client_link
.
mutate_customer_client_link
(
customer_id
:
manager_customer_id
,
operation
:
client_link_operation
,
)
client_link_resource_name
=
response
.
result
.
resource_name
puts
"Extended an invitation from customer
#{
manager_customer_id
}
to "
\
"customer
#{
client_customer_id
}
with client link resource name "
\
"
#{
client_link_resource_name
}
."
# Find the manager_link_id of the link we just created, so we can construct
# the resource name for the link from the client side.
query
=
<< ~
QUERY
SELECT
customer_client_link
.
manager_link_id
FROM
customer_client_link
WHERE
customer_client_link
.
resource_name
=
'
#{
client_link_resource_name
}
'
QUERY
response
=
client
.
service
.
google_ads
.
search
(
customer_id
:
manager_customer_id
,
query
:
query
)
manager_link_id
=
response
.
first
.
customer_client_link
.
manager_link_id
# Accept the link using the client account.
client
.
configure
do
|
config
|
config
.
login_customer_id
=
client_customer_id
.
to_i
end
manager_link_resource_name
=
client
.
path
.
customer_manager_link
(
client_customer_id
,
manager_customer_id
,
manager_link_id
,
)
manager_link_operation
=
client
.
operation
.
update_resource
.
customer_manager_link
(
manager_link_resource_name
)
do
|
link
|
link
.
status
=
:ACTIVE
end
response
=
client
.
service
.
customer_manager_link
.
mutate_customer_manager_link
(
customer_id
:
client_customer_id
,
operations
:
[
manager_link_operation
]
,
)
puts
"Client accepted invitation with resource name "
\
"
#{
response
.
results
.
first
.
resource_name
}
."
end
if
__FILE__
==
$0
options
=
{}
# The following parameter(s) should be provided to run the example. You can
# either specify these by changing the INSERT_XXX_ID_HERE values below, or on
# the command line.
#
# Parameters passed on the command line will override any parameters set in
# code.
#
# Running the example with -h will print the command line usage.
options
[
:manager_customer_id
]
=
'INSERT_MANAGER_CUSTOMER_ID_HERE'
options
[
:customer_id
]
=
'INSERT_CUSTOMER_ID_HERE'
OptionParser
.
new
do
|
opts
|
opts
.
banner
=
sprintf
(
'Usage: %s [options]'
,
File
.
basename
(
__FILE__
))
opts
.
separator
''
opts
.
separator
'Options:'
opts
.
on
(
'-C'
,
'--customer-id CUSTOMER-ID'
,
String
,
'Customer ID'
)
do
|
v
|
options
[
:customer_id
]
=
v
end
opts
.
on
(
'-M'
,
'--manager-customer-id MANAGER-CUSTOMER-ID'
,
String
,
'Manager Customer ID'
)
do
|
v
|
options
[
:manager_customer_id
]
=
v
end
opts
.
separator
''
opts
.
separator
'Help:'
opts
.
on_tail
(
'-h'
,
'--help'
,
'Show this message'
)
do
puts
opts
exit
end
end
.
parse!
begin
link_manager_to_client
(
options
.
fetch
(
:manager_customer_id
)
.
tr
(
"-"
,
""
),
options
.
fetch
(
:customer_id
)
.
tr
(
"-"
,
""
),
)
rescue
Google
::
Ads
::
GoogleAds
::
Errors
::
GoogleAdsError
=
>
e
e
.
failure
.
errors
.
each
do
|
error
|
STDERR
.
printf
(
"Error with message: %s
\n
"
,
error
.
message
)
if
error
.
location
error
.
location
.
field_path_elements
.
each
do
|
field_path_element
|
STDERR
.
printf
(
"
\t
On field: %s
\n
"
,
field_path_element
.
field_name
)
end
end
error
.
error_code
.
to_h
.
each
do
|
k
,
v
|
next
if
v
==
:UNSPECIFIED
STDERR
.
printf
(
"
\t
Type: %s
\n\t
Code: %s
\n
"
,
k
,
v
)
end
end
raise
end
end
Perl
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
#
# Copyright 2019, Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
# This example demonstrates how to link an existing Google Ads manager customer
# account to an existing Google Ads client customer account.
use
strict
;
use
warnings
;
use
utf8
;
use
FindBin
qw($Bin)
;
use
lib
"$Bin/../../lib"
;
use
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::Client
;
use
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::Utils::GoogleAdsHelper
;
use
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::Utils::FieldMasks
;
use
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Resources::CustomerClientLink
;
use
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Resources::CustomerManagerLink
;
use
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Enums::ManagerLinkStatusEnum
qw(PENDING ACTIVE)
;
use
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Services::CustomerClientLinkService::CustomerClientLinkOperation
;
use
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Services::CustomerManagerLinkService::CustomerManagerLinkOperation
;
use
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Utils::ResourceNames
;
use
Getopt::Long
qw(:config auto_help)
;
use
Pod::Usage
;
use
Cwd
qw(abs_path)
;
# The following parameter(s) should be provided to run the example. You can
# either specify these by changing the INSERT_XXX_ID_HERE values below, or on
# the command line.
#
# Parameters passed on the command line will override any parameters set in
# code.
#
# Running the example with -h will print the command line usage.
my
$manager_customer_id
=
"INSERT_MANAGER_CUSTOMER_ID_HERE"
;
my
$customer_id
=
"INSERT_CUSTOMER_ID_HERE"
;
# This example assumes that the same credentials will work for both customers,
# but that may not be the case. If you need to use different credentials
# for each customer, then you may either update the client configuration or
# instantiate two clients, one for each set of credentials. Always make sure
# to update the configuration before fetching any services you need to use.
sub
link_manager_to_client
{
my
(
$api_client
,
$manager_customer_id
,
$api_client_customer_id
)
=
@_
;
# Step 1: Extend an invitation to the client customer while authenticating
# as the manager.
$api_client
-
> set_login_customer_id
(
$manager_customer_id
);
# Create a customer client link.
my
$api_client_link
=
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Resources::
CustomerClientLink
-
> new
({
clientCustomer
=
>
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Utils::ResourceNames::
customer
(
$api_client_customer_id
),
status
=
>
PENDING
});
# Create a customer client link operation.
my
$api_client_link_operation
=
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Services::CustomerClientLinkService::
CustomerClientLinkOperation
-
> new
({
create
=
>
$api_client_link
});
# Add the customer client link to extend an invitation to the client customer.
my
$api_client_link_response
=
$api_client
-
> CustomerClientLinkService
()
-
> mutate
({
customerId
=
>
$manager_customer_id
,
operation
=
>
$api_client_link_operation
});
my
$api_client_link_resource_name
=
$api_client_link_response
-
> {
result
}{
resourceName
};
printf
"Extended an invitation from the manager customer %d to the "
.
"client customer %d with the customer client link resource name: '%s'.\n"
,
$manager_customer_id
,
$api_client_customer_id
,
$api_client_link_resource_name
;
# Step 2: Get the 'manager_link_id' of the client link we just created,
# to construct the resource name of the manager link from the client side.
my
$search_query
=
"SELECT customer_client_link.manager_link_id FROM customer_client_link "
.
"WHERE customer_client_link.resource_name = '$api_client_link_resource_name'"
;
my
$search_response
=
$api_client
-
> GoogleAdsService
()
-
> search
({
customerId
=
>
$manager_customer_id
,
query
=
>
$search_query
});
my
$manager_link_id
=
$search_response
-
> {
results
}[
0
]{
customerClientLink
}{
managerLinkId
};
my
$manager_link_resource_name
=
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Utils::ResourceNames::
customer_manager_link
(
$api_client_customer_id
,
$manager_customer_id
,
$manager_link_id
);
# Step 3: Accept the manager customer's link invitation while authenticating
# as the client.
$api_client
-
> set_login_customer_id
(
$api_client_customer_id
);
# Create a customer manager link.
my
$manager_link
=
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Resources::
CustomerManagerLink
-
> new
({
resourceName
=
>
$manager_link_resource_name
,
status
=
>
ACTIVE
});
# Create a customer manager link operation.
my
$manager_link_operation
=
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V21::Services::CustomerManagerLinkService::
CustomerManagerLinkOperation
-
> new
({
update
=
>
$manager_link
,
updateMask
=
>
all_set_fields_of
(
$manager_link
)});
# Update the customer manager link to accept the invitation.
my
$manager_link_response
=
$api_client
-
> CustomerManagerLinkService
()
-
> mutate
({
customerId
=
>
$api_client_customer_id
,
operations
=
>
[
$manager_link_operation
]});
printf
"The client customer %d accepted the invitation with "
.
"the customer manager link resource name: '%s'.\n"
,
$api_client_customer_id
,
$manager_link_response
-
> {
results
}[
0
]{
resourceName
};
return
1
;
}
# Don't run the example if the file is being included.
if
(
abs_path
(
$0
)
ne
abs_path
(
__FILE__
))
{
return
1
;
}
# Get Google Ads Client, credentials will be read from ~/googleads.properties.
my
$api_client
=
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::
Client
-
> new
();
# By default examples are set to die on any server returned fault.
$api_client
-
> set_die_on_faults
(
1
);
# Parameters passed on the command line will override any parameters set in code.
GetOptions
(
"manager_customer_id=s"
=
>
\
$manager_customer_id
,
"customer_id=s"
=
>
\
$customer_id
);
# Print the help message if the parameters are not initialized in the code nor
# in the command line.
pod2usage
(
2
)
if
not
check_params
(
$manager_customer_id
,
$customer_id
);
# Call the example.
link_manager_to_client
(
$api_client
,
$manager_customer_id
=~
s/-//g
r
,
$customer_id
=~
s/-//g
r
);
=pod
=head1 NAME
link_manager_to_client
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This example demonstrates how to link an existing Google Ads manager customer
account to an existing Google Ads client customer account.
=head1 SYNOPSIS
link_manager_to_client.pl [options]
-help Show the help message.
-manager_customer_id The Google Ads manager customer ID.
-customer_id The Google Ads customer ID.
=cut
Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License
. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies
. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Last updated 2025-09-03 UTC.
[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Missing the information I need","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Too complicated / too many steps","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Out of date","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Samples / code issue","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-09-03 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThe code demonstrates how to link a Google Ads manager account to a client account using the Google Ads API, involving sending an invitation from the manager and accepting it from the client side.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eExamples are provided in Java, C#, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and Python, showcasing the process across different programming languages despite minor syntax variations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eIt utilizes key functionalities like \u003ccode\u003eCustomerClientLinkService\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eCustomerManagerLinkService\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003eGoogleAdsService\u003c/code\u003e for interaction with Google Ads accounts and managing links.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe code emphasizes practical considerations such as error handling and resource names, ensuring robust implementation in real-world scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eAlthough assuming the same credentials for both accounts in examples, it highlights the potential need for separate credentials in practical applications for security and access control.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,[]]
