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    Collect Duo authentication logs

    Supported in:

    This document explains how to ingest Duo authentication logs to Google Security Operations using Amazon S3. The parser extracts the logs from JSON formatted messages. It transforms the raw log data into the Unified Data Model (UDM), mapping fields like user, device, application, location, and authentication details, while also handling various authentication factors and results to categorize security events. The parser also performs data cleaning, type conversion, and error handling to ensure data quality and consistency.

    Before you begin

    • Google SecOps instance
    • Privileged access to Duo tenant (Admin API application)
    • Privileged access to AWS (S3, IAM, Lambda, EventBridge)

    Configure Duo Admin API application

    1. Sign in to Duo Admin Panel.
    2. Go to Applications > Protect an Application.
    3. Add Admin APIapplication.
    4. Copy and save the following values to a secure location:
      • Integration key (ikey)
      • Secret key (skey)
      • API hostname(for example, api-XXXXXXXX.duosecurity.com )
    5. In Permissions, enable Grant read log(to read authentication logs).
    6. Save the application.

    Configure AWS S3 bucket and IAM for Google SecOps

    1. Create Amazon S3 bucketfollowing this user guide: Creating a bucket
    2. Save bucket Nameand Regionfor future reference (for example, duo-auth-logs ).
    3. Create a user following this user guide: Creating an IAM user .
    4. Select the created User.
    5. Select the Security credentialstab.
    6. Click Create Access Keyin the Access Keyssection.
    7. Select Third-party serviceas the Use case.
    8. Click Next.
    9. Optional: add a description tag.
    10. Click Create access key.
    11. Click Download CSV fileto save the Access Keyand Secret Access Keyfor later use.
    12. Click Done.
    13. Select the Permissionstab.
    14. Click Add permissionsin the Permissions policiessection.
    15. Select Add permissions.
    16. Select Attach policies directly
    17. Search for and select the AmazonS3FullAccesspolicy.
    18. Click Next.
    19. Click Add permissions.

    Configure the IAM policy and role for S3 uploads

    1. Go to AWS console > IAM > Policies > Create policy > JSON tab.

    2. Enter the following policy:

        { 
  
 "Version" 
 : 
  
 "2012-10-17" 
 , 
  
 "Statement" 
 : 
  
 [ 
  
 { 
  
 "Sid" 
 : 
  
 "AllowPutDuoAuthObjects" 
 , 
  
 "Effect" 
 : 
  
 "Allow" 
 , 
  
 "Action" 
 : 
  
 "s3:PutObject" 
 , 
  
 "Resource" 
 : 
  
 "arn:aws:s3:::duo-auth-logs/*" 
  
 }, 
  
 { 
  
 "Sid" 
 : 
  
 "AllowGetStateObject" 
 , 
  
 "Effect" 
 : 
  
 "Allow" 
 , 
  
 "Action" 
 : 
  
 "s3:GetObject" 
 , 
  
 "Resource" 
 : 
  
 "arn:aws:s3:::duo-auth-logs/duo/auth/state.json" 
  
 } 
  
 ] 
 }
      • Replace duo-auth-logs if you entered a different bucket name.

    3. Click Next > Create policy.

    4. Go to IAM > Roles > Create role > AWS service > Lambda.

    5. Attach the newly created policy.

    6. Name the role WriteDuoAuthToS3Role and click Create role.

    Create the Lambda function

    1. In the AWS Console, go to Lambda > Functions > Create function.
    2. Click Author from scratch.

    3. Provide the following configuration details:

      Setting Value
      Name duo_auth_to_s3
      Runtime Python 3.13
      Architecture x86_64
      Execution role WriteDuoAuthToS3Role

    4. After the function is created, open the Codetab, delete the stub and enter the following code ( duo_auth_to_s3.py ):

        #!/usr/bin/env python3 
 # Lambda: Pull Duo Admin API v2 Authentication Logs to S3 (raw JSON pages) 
 # Notes: 
 # - Duo v2 requires mintime/maxtime in *milliseconds* (13-digit epoch). 
 # - Pagination via metadata.next_offset ("<millis>,<txid>"). 
 # - We save state (mintime_ms) in ms to resume next run without gaps. 
 import 
  
 os 
 , 
  
 json 
 , 
  
 time 
 , 
  
 hmac 
 , 
  
 hashlib 
 , 
  
 base64 
 , 
  
 email.utils 
 , 
  
 urllib.parse 
 from 
  
 urllib.request 
  
 import 
 Request 
 , 
 urlopen 
 from 
  
 urllib.error 
  
 import 
 HTTPError 
 , 
 URLError 
 import 
  
 boto3 
 DUO_IKEY 
 = 
 os 
 . 
 environ 
 [ 
 "DUO_IKEY" 
 ] 
 DUO_SKEY 
 = 
 os 
 . 
 environ 
 [ 
 "DUO_SKEY" 
 ] 
 DUO_API_HOSTNAME 
 = 
 os 
 . 
 environ 
 [ 
 "DUO_API_HOSTNAME" 
 ] 
 . 
 strip 
 () 
 S3_BUCKET 
 = 
 os 
 . 
 environ 
 [ 
 "S3_BUCKET" 
 ] 
 S3_PREFIX 
 = 
 os 
 . 
 environ 
 . 
 get 
 ( 
 "S3_PREFIX" 
 , 
 "duo/auth/" 
 ) 
 . 
 strip 
 ( 
 "/" 
 ) 
 STATE_KEY 
 = 
 os 
 . 
 environ 
 . 
 get 
 ( 
 "STATE_KEY" 
 , 
 "duo/auth/state.json" 
 ) 
 LIMIT 
 = 
 min 
 ( 
 int 
 ( 
 os 
 . 
 environ 
 . 
 get 
 ( 
 "LIMIT" 
 , 
 "500" 
 )), 
 1000 
 ) 
 # default 100, max 1000 
 s3 
 = 
 boto3 
 . 
 client 
 ( 
 "s3" 
 ) 
 def 
  
 _canon_params 
 ( 
 params 
 : 
 dict 
 ) 
 - 
> str 
 : 
 parts 
 = 
 [] 
 for 
 k 
 in 
 sorted 
 ( 
 params 
 . 
 keys 
 ()): 
 v 
 = 
 params 
 [ 
 k 
 ] 
 if 
 v 
 is 
 None 
 : 
 continue 
 parts 
 . 
 append 
 ( 
 f 
 " 
 { 
 urllib 
 . 
 parse 
 . 
 quote 
 ( 
 str 
 ( 
 k 
 ), 
  
 '~' 
 ) 
 } 
 = 
 { 
 urllib 
 . 
 parse 
 . 
 quote 
 ( 
 str 
 ( 
 v 
 ), 
  
 '~' 
 ) 
 } 
 " 
 ) 
 return 
 "&" 
 . 
 join 
 ( 
 parts 
 ) 
 def 
  
 _sign 
 ( 
 method 
 : 
 str 
 , 
 host 
 : 
 str 
 , 
 path 
 : 
 str 
 , 
 params 
 : 
 dict 
 ) 
 - 
> dict 
 : 
 now 
 = 
 email 
 . 
 utils 
 . 
 formatdate 
 () 
 canon 
 = 
 " 
 \n 
 " 
 . 
 join 
 ([ 
 now 
 , 
 method 
 . 
 upper 
 (), 
 host 
 . 
 lower 
 (), 
 path 
 , 
 _canon_params 
 ( 
 params 
 )]) 
 sig 
 = 
 hmac 
 . 
 new 
 ( 
 DUO_SKEY 
 . 
 encode 
 ( 
 "utf-8" 
 ), 
 canon 
 . 
 encode 
 ( 
 "utf-8" 
 ), 
 hashlib 
 . 
 sha1 
 ) 
 . 
 hexdigest 
 () 
 auth 
 = 
 base64 
 . 
 b64encode 
 ( 
 f 
 " 
 { 
 DUO_IKEY 
 } 
 : 
 { 
 sig 
 } 
 " 
 . 
 encode 
 ()) 
 . 
 decode 
 () 
 return 
 { 
 "Date" 
 : 
 now 
 , 
 "Authorization" 
 : 
 f 
 "Basic 
 { 
 auth 
 } 
 " 
 } 
 def 
  
 _http 
 ( 
 method 
 : 
 str 
 , 
 path 
 : 
 str 
 , 
 params 
 : 
 dict 
 , 
 timeout 
 : 
 int 
 = 
 60 
 , 
 max_retries 
 : 
 int 
 = 
 5 
 ) 
 - 
> dict 
 : 
 host 
 = 
 DUO_API_HOSTNAME 
 assert 
 host 
 . 
 startswith 
 ( 
 "api-" 
 ) 
 and 
 host 
 . 
 endswith 
 ( 
 ".duosecurity.com" 
 ), 
\ "DUO_API_HOSTNAME must be like api-XXXXXXXX.duosecurity.com" 
 qs 
 = 
 _canon_params 
 ( 
 params 
 ) 
 url 
 = 
 f 
 "https:// 
 { 
 host 
 }{ 
 path 
 } 
 " 
 + 
 ( 
 f 
 "? 
 { 
 qs 
 } 
 " 
 if 
 qs 
 else 
 "" 
 ) 
 attempt 
 , 
 backoff 
 = 
 0 
 , 
 1.0 
 while 
 True 
 : 
 req 
 = 
 Request 
 ( 
 url 
 , 
 method 
 = 
 method 
 . 
 upper 
 ()) 
 req 
 . 
 add_header 
 ( 
 "Accept" 
 , 
 "application/json" 
 ) 
 for 
 k 
 , 
 v 
 in 
 _sign 
 ( 
 method 
 , 
 host 
 , 
 path 
 , 
 params 
 ) 
 . 
 items 
 (): 
 req 
 . 
 add_header 
 ( 
 k 
 , 
 v 
 ) 
 try 
 : 
 with 
 urlopen 
 ( 
 req 
 , 
 timeout 
 = 
 timeout 
 ) 
 as 
 r 
 : 
 return 
 json 
 . 
 loads 
 ( 
 r 
 . 
 read 
 () 
 . 
 decode 
 ( 
 "utf-8" 
 )) 
 except 
 HTTPError 
 as 
 e 
 : 
 if 
 ( 
 e 
 . 
 code 
 == 
 429 
 or 
 500 
< = 
 e 
 . 
 code 
< = 
 599 
 ) 
 and 
 attempt 
< max_retries 
 : 
 time 
 . 
 sleep 
 ( 
 backoff 
 ); 
 attempt 
 += 
 1 
 ; 
 backoff 
 *= 
 2 
 ; 
 continue 
 raise 
 except 
 URLError 
 : 
 if 
 attempt 
< max_retries 
 : 
 time 
 . 
 sleep 
 ( 
 backoff 
 ); 
 attempt 
 += 
 1 
 ; 
 backoff 
 *= 
 2 
 ; 
 continue 
 raise 
 def 
  
 _read_state_ms 
 () 
 - 
> int 
 | 
 None 
 : 
 try 
 : 
 obj 
 = 
 s3 
 . 
 get_object 
 ( 
 Bucket 
 = 
 S3_BUCKET 
 , 
 Key 
 = 
 STATE_KEY 
 ) 
 val 
 = 
 json 
 . 
 loads 
 ( 
 obj 
 [ 
 "Body" 
 ] 
 . 
 read 
 ()) 
 . 
 get 
 ( 
 "mintime" 
 ) 
 if 
 val 
 is 
 None 
 : 
 return 
 None 
 # Backward safety: if seconds were stored, convert to ms 
 return 
 int 
 ( 
 val 
 ) 
 * 
 1000 
 if 
 len 
 ( 
 str 
 ( 
 int 
 ( 
 val 
 ))) 
< = 
 10 
 else 
 int 
 ( 
 val 
 ) 
 except 
 Exception 
 : 
 return 
 None 
 def 
  
 _write_state_ms 
 ( 
 mintime_ms 
 : 
 int 
 ): 
 body 
 = 
 json 
 . 
 dumps 
 ({ 
 "mintime" 
 : 
 int 
 ( 
 mintime_ms 
 )}) 
 . 
 encode 
 ( 
 "utf-8" 
 ) 
 s3 
 . 
 put_object 
 ( 
 Bucket 
 = 
 S3_BUCKET 
 , 
 Key 
 = 
 STATE_KEY 
 , 
 Body 
 = 
 body 
 , 
 ContentType 
 = 
 "application/json" 
 ) 
 def 
  
 _write_page 
 ( 
 payload 
 : 
 dict 
 , 
 when_epoch_s 
 : 
 int 
 , 
 page 
 : 
 int 
 ) 
 - 
> str 
 : 
 key 
 = 
 f 
 " 
 { 
 S3_PREFIX 
 } 
 / 
 { 
 time 
 . 
 strftime 
 ( 
 '%Y/%m/ 
 %d 
 ' 
 , 
  
 time 
 . 
 gmtime 
 ( 
 when_epoch_s 
 )) 
 } 
 /duo-auth- 
 { 
 page 
 : 
 05d 
 } 
 .json" 
 s3 
 . 
 put_object 
 ( 
 Bucket 
 = 
 S3_BUCKET 
 , 
 Key 
 = 
 key 
 , 
 Body 
 = 
 json 
 . 
 dumps 
 ( 
 payload 
 , 
 separators 
 = 
 ( 
 "," 
 , 
 ":" 
 )) 
 . 
 encode 
 ( 
 "utf-8" 
 ), 
 ContentType 
 = 
 "application/json" 
 , 
 ) 
 return 
 key 
 def 
  
 fetch_and_store 
 (): 
 now_s 
 = 
 int 
 ( 
 time 
 . 
 time 
 ()) 
 # Duo recommends a ~2-minute delay buffer; use maxtime = now - 120 seconds (in ms) 
 maxtime_ms 
 = 
 ( 
 now_s 
 - 
 120 
 ) 
 * 
 1000 
 mintime_ms 
 = 
 _read_state_ms 
 () 
 or 
 ( 
 maxtime_ms 
 - 
 3600 
 * 
 1000 
 ) 
 # 1 hour on first run 
 page 
 = 
 0 
 total 
 = 
 0 
 next_offset 
 = 
 None 
 while 
 True 
 : 
 params 
 = 
 { 
 "mintime" 
 : 
 mintime_ms 
 , 
 "maxtime" 
 : 
 maxtime_ms 
 , 
 "limit" 
 : 
 LIMIT 
 } 
 if 
 next_offset 
 : 
 params 
 [ 
 "next_offset" 
 ] 
 = 
 next_offset 
 data 
 = 
 _http 
 ( 
 "GET" 
 , 
 "/admin/v2/logs/authentication" 
 , 
 params 
 ) 
 _write_page 
 ( 
 data 
 , 
 maxtime_ms 
 // 
 1000 
 , 
 page 
 ) 
 page 
 += 
 1 
 resp 
 = 
 data 
 . 
 get 
 ( 
 "response" 
 ) 
 items 
 = 
 resp 
 if 
 isinstance 
 ( 
 resp 
 , 
 list 
 ) 
 else 
 [] 
 total 
 += 
 len 
 ( 
 items 
 ) 
 meta 
 = 
 data 
 . 
 get 
 ( 
 "metadata" 
 ) 
 or 
 {} 
 next_offset 
 = 
 meta 
 . 
 get 
 ( 
 "next_offset" 
 ) 
 if 
 not 
 next_offset 
 : 
 break 
 # Advance window to maxtime_ms for next run 
 _write_state_ms 
 ( 
 maxtime_ms 
 ) 
 return 
 { 
 "ok" 
 : 
 True 
 , 
 "pages" 
 : 
 page 
 , 
 "events" 
 : 
 total 
 , 
 "next_mintime_ms" 
 : 
 maxtime_ms 
 } 
 def 
  
 lambda_handler 
 ( 
 event 
 = 
 None 
 , 
 context 
 = 
 None 
 ): 
 return 
 fetch_and_store 
 () 
 if 
 __name__ 
 == 
 "__main__" 
 : 
 print 
 ( 
 lambda_handler 
 ())

    5. Go to Configuration > Environment variables > Edit > Add new environment variable.

    6. Enter the following environment variables provided, replacing with your values:

      Key Example
      S3_BUCKET duo-auth-logs
      S3_PREFIX duo/auth/
      STATE_KEY duo/auth/state.json
      DUO_IKEY DIXYZ...
      DUO_SKEY ****************
      DUO_API_HOSTNAME api-XXXXXXXX.duosecurity.com
      LIMIT 500

    7. After the function is created, stay on its page (or open Lambda > Functions > your‑function).

    8. Select the Configurationtab.

    9. In the General configurationpanel click Edit.

    10. Change Timeoutto 5 minutes (300 seconds)and click Save.

    Create an EventBridge schedule

    1. Go to Amazon EventBridge > Scheduler > Create schedule.
    2. Provide the following configuration details:
      • Recurring schedule: Rate( 1 hour ).
      • Target: your Lambda function.
      • Name: duo-auth-1h .
    3. Click Create schedule.

    Optional: Create read-only IAM user & keys for Google SecOps

    1. In the AWS Console, go to IAM > Users, then click Add users.
    2. Provide the following configuration details:
      • User: Enter a unique name (for example, secops-reader )
      • Access type: Select Access key - Programmatic access
      • Click Create user.
    3. Attach minimal read policy (custom): Users > select secops-reader > Permissions > Add permissions > Attach policies directly > Create policy

    4. In the JSON editor, enter the following policy:

        { 
  
 "Version" 
 : 
  
 "2012-10-17" 
 , 
  
 "Statement" 
 : 
  
 [ 
  
 { 
  
 "Effect" 
 : 
  
 "Allow" 
 , 
  
 "Action" 
 : 
  
 [ 
 "s3:GetObject" 
 ], 
  
 "Resource" 
 : 
  
 "arn:aws:s3:::<your-bucket>/*" 
  
 }, 
  
 { 
  
 "Effect" 
 : 
  
 "Allow" 
 , 
  
 "Action" 
 : 
  
 [ 
 "s3:ListBucket" 
 ], 
  
 "Resource" 
 : 
  
 "arn:aws:s3:::<your-bucket>" 
  
 } 
  
 ] 
 }

    5. Set the name to secops-reader-policy .

    6. Go to Create policy > search/select > Next > Add permissions.

    7. Go to Security credentials > Access keys > Create access key.

    8. Download the CSV(these values are entered into the feed).

    Configure a feed in Google SecOps to ingest Duo Authentication Logs

    1. Go to SIEM Settings > Feeds.
    2. Click + Add New Feed.
    3. In the Feed namefield, enter a name for the feed (for example, Duo Authentication Logs ).
    4. Select Amazon S3 V2as the Source type.
    5. Select Duo Authas the Log type.
    6. Click Next.
    7. Specify values for the following input parameters:
      • S3 URI: s3://duo-auth-logs/duo/auth/
      • Source deletion options: Select the deletion option according to your preference.
      • Maximum File Age: Default 180 Days.
      • Access Key ID: User access key with access to the S3 bucket.
      • Secret Access Key: User secret key with access to the S3 bucket.
      • Asset namespace: the asset namespace .
      • Ingestion labels: the label applied to the events from this feed.
    8. Click Next.
    9. Review your new feed configuration in the Finalizescreen, and then click Submit.

    UDM Mapping Table

    Log Field UDM Mapping Logic
    access_device.browser
    		target.resource.attribute.labels.value If access_device.browser is present, its value is mapped to the UDM.
    access_device.hostname
    		principal.hostname If access_device.hostname is present and not empty, its value is mapped to the UDM. If it's empty and the event_type is USER_CREATION, the event_type is changed to USER_UNCATEGORIZED. If access_device.hostname is empty and hostname field exists, the value of hostname is used.
    access_device.ip
    		principal.ip If access_device.ip exists and is a valid IPv4 address, its value is mapped to the UDM. If it's not a valid IPv4 address, it's added as a string value to additional.fields with key access_device.ip .
    access_device.location.city
    		principal.location.city If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    access_device.location.country
    		principal.location.country_or_region If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    access_device.location.state
    		principal.location.state If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    access_device.os
    		principal.platform If present, the value is translated to the corresponding UDM value (MAC, WINDOWS, LINUX).
    access_device.os_version
    		principal.platform_version If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    application.key
    		target.resource.id If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    application.name
    		target.application If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    auth_device.ip
    		target.ip If present and not "None", the value is mapped to the UDM.
    auth_device.location.city
    		target.location.city If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    auth_device.location.country
    		target.location.country_or_region If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    auth_device.location.state
    		target.location.state If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    auth_device.name
    		target.hostname OR target.user.phone_numbers If auth_device.name is present and is a phone number (after normalization), it's added to target.user.phone_numbers . Otherwise, it's mapped to target.hostname .
    client_ip
    		target.ip If present and not "None", the value is mapped to the UDM.
    client_section
    		target.resource.attribute.labels.value If client_section is present, its value is mapped to the UDM with the key client_section .
    dn
    		target.user.userid If dn is present and user.name and username are not, the userid is extracted from the dn field using grok and mapped to the UDM. The event_type is set to USER_LOGIN.
    event_type
    		metadata.product_event_type AND metadata.event_type The value is mapped to metadata.product_event_type . It's also used to determine the metadata.event_type : "authentication" becomes USER_LOGIN, "enrollment" becomes USER_CREATION, and if it's empty or neither of those, it becomes GENERIC_EVENT.
    factor
    		extensions.auth.mechanism AND extensions.auth.auth_details The value is translated to the corresponding UDM auth.mechanism value (HARDWARE_KEY, REMOTE_INTERACTIVE, LOCAL, OTP). The original value is also mapped to extensions.auth.auth_details .
    hostname
    		principal.hostname If present and access_device.hostname is empty, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    log_format
    		target.resource.attribute.labels.value If log_format is present, its value is mapped to the UDM with the key log_format .
    log_level.__class_uuid__
    		target.resource.attribute.labels.value If log_level.__class_uuid__ is present, its value is mapped to the UDM with the key __class_uuid__ .
    log_level.name
    		target.resource.attribute.labels.value AND security_result.severity If log_level.name is present, its value is mapped to the UDM with the key name . If the value is "info", security_result.severity is set to INFORMATIONAL.
    log_logger.unpersistable
    		target.resource.attribute.labels.value If log_logger.unpersistable is present, its value is mapped to the UDM with the key unpersistable .
    log_namespace
    		target.resource.attribute.labels.value If log_namespace is present, its value is mapped to the UDM with the key log_namespace .
    log_source
    		target.resource.attribute.labels.value If log_source is present, its value is mapped to the UDM with the key log_source .
    msg
    		security_result.summary If present and reason is empty, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    reason
    		security_result.summary If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    result
    		security_result.action_details AND security_result.action If present, the value is mapped to security_result.action_details . "success" or "SUCCESS" translates to security_result.action ALLOW, otherwise BLOCK.
    server_section
    		target.resource.attribute.labels.value If server_section is present, its value is mapped to the UDM with the key server_section .
    server_section_ikey
    		target.resource.attribute.labels.value If server_section_ikey is present, its value is mapped to the UDM with the key server_section_ikey .
    status
    		security_result.action_details AND security_result.action If present, the value is mapped to security_result.action_details . "Allow" translates to security_result.action ALLOW, "Reject" translates to BLOCK.
    timestamp
    		metadata.event_timestamp AND event.timestamp The value is converted to a timestamp and mapped to both metadata.event_timestamp and event.timestamp .
    txid
    		metadata.product_log_id AND network.session_id The value is mapped to both metadata.product_log_id and network.session_id .
    user.groups
    		target.user.group_identifiers All values in the array are added to target.user.group_identifiers .
    user.key
    		target.user.product_object_id If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    user.name
    		target.user.userid If present, the value is mapped to the UDM.
    username
    		target.user.userid If present and user.name is not, the value is mapped to the UDM. The event_type is set to USER_LOGIN.
    (Parser Logic)
    		 metadata.vendor_name Always set to "DUO_SECURITY".
    (Parser Logic)
    		 metadata.product_name Always set to "MULTI-FACTOR_AUTHENTICATION".
    (Parser Logic)
    		 metadata.log_type Taken from the raw log's top-level log_type field.
    (Parser Logic)
    		 extensions.auth.type Always set to "SSO".

    Need more help? Get answers from Community members and Google SecOps professionals.

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