The Lives of the Common People from the End of the Edo Period to the Beginning of the Meiji Era as Seen in Occupations
幕末から明治初期、政治や社会は大きく変動していき、庶民のなりわい(職業)にも変化があった。
商人や職人系世帯の緩やかな変化の一方で、それ以外の世帯が町内より半減したことがうかがえる。
From the end of the Edo period to the beginning of Meiji, politics and society underwent a major transition, and the nature of occupations of the common people also changed. While the number of merchant and artisan households showed gradual changes, the number of households related to other types of jobs decreased by half within the townships.」
四谷塩町一丁目の場合(緑色の表示)
グラフの分類
・商人系世帯数
・職人系世帯数
・その他の世帯数
各グラフは
・1861年(文久元)
・1871年(明治4)
を比較している。
合計世帯数
・商人系 54世帯 → 51世帯
・職人系 52世帯 → 55世帯
・その他 92世帯 → 42世帯
「公立・私立小学校の成立と展開
Formation and Development of Public and Private Elementary Schools
With the promulgation of the "Educational Order" in 1872, which aimed for universal education, the Tokyo Prefectural Government established primary education by utilizing terakoya (private home schools) that had existed since the Edo period as municipal elementary schools.」
Various schools were established in Tokyo during the Meiji era, including government and public schools, private schools, and girls' schools, and student towns emerged in Kanda, Hongo, and other areas.」
In the three Tama counties (North, South, and West), which belonged to Kanagawa Prefecture until 1893, the Freedom and People's Rights Movement was popular in the 1870s and 80s, especially among wealthy farmers.」
The first National Industrial Exhibition was held at the Ueno Park in 1877 for the purpose of encouragement of new industry. 84,000 objects were on display, and approximately 450,000 people visited the exhibition. The second National Industrial Exhibition was held four years later, also at the Ueno Park. These exhibitions were modeled after the World Exposition of Paris in 1876. At the third National Industrial Exhibition held in 1890, a Panorama Hall, which had become popular in cities of Europe and the U.S. at the time, was built for the first time in the corner of the Ueno Park. The fourth and the fifth National Industrial Exhibitions were held in Kyoto (1895) and Osaka (1903), respectively.
Tokyo had a high concentration of government offices and military facilities, and government-owned factories were built to maintain them, leading to further industrialization. Meanwhile, traditional industries such as cotton spinning and silk reeling for export were also promoted and encouraged.」
Tokyo's industry developed from the mid- to late-Meiji period, centering on the heavy and chemical industries. The number of factories increased dramatically and the number of workers also increased.
In the late Meiji period, railroads and other forms of transportation and telephones and other means of communication developed rapidly. The movement of people and goods, as well as the transmission of information, became faster, and their volume increased as well.」
Tokyo's industry developed dramatically in the late Meiji era. Large factories were built along the Sumidagawa River and other areas, and the landscape changed drastically along with people's lives.
工場の所在地
・札幌麦酒
・浅野セメント
・鐘淵紡績
・東京電燈 浅草発電所
・芝浦製作所
・石川島造船所」
「『風俗画報 第116号』より
芝浦製作所の図
Illustration of Shibaura Works from Fūzoku gahō, No.116
Regulations and resolution of the society (replica)
1922年(大正11)3月
京都市立崇仁小学校原資料所蔵」
下段資料
「全国水平社 創立大会綱領・宣言(複製)
Manifesto and statement of principles promulgated at the inaugural meeting of the Suiheisha, the organization dedicated to the liberation of outcastes (replica)