ギャラリー5は「包囲の人々」というテーマで、写真のようにアスローンの包囲戦に 巻き込まれた17世紀の代表的な人物を彫刻で展示している。 攻撃と防御を主導した軍の将軍を含む8人の主要なキャラクターの等身大の彫刻で表現している のであった。 COLONEL RICHARD GRACE
近づいて。
「COLONEL RICHARD GRACE Colonel Richard Grace (c. 1612–1691) was an Irish Royalist soldier who fought for Charles I, Charles II and James II. He served in the Royalist Army in Exile during the 1650s. 【リチャード・グレース大佐(約1612年 – 1691年) リチャード・グレース大佐は、アイルランド出身の王党派(ロイヤリスト)の軍人であり、
1650年代には、亡命中の王党派軍(Royalist Army in Exile)に所属していました。】
「COLONEL GUSTAVUS HAMILTON」
「COLONEL GUSTAVUS HAMILTON
Colonel Gustavus HamiIton (1642-1723 ) ,an lrish protestant丘0n1 County Leitrim,was a professional soldier. He served on the Continent and afterwards in the lrish army.
ln 1689 he joined the Williamites and took pairt in the early, unsuccessful defence of Ulster against the Jacobites. Retiring tO England he was given command and of a new regiment,which he successfully led in the lrish campaign in 1690ー1. He participated in the major engagements atthe Boyne, Limerick and Aughrim. His most famous exploit was to lead the grenadiers that spearheaded the brave and successful attack across the river at Athlone. He subsequently rose to the rank of major general and was made governor of AthIone. He acquired a large estate in County Meath, became a member 0f
parliament and eventually peer, with the title Viscount Boyne.
Jean Louis d'Usson, Marquis de Bonnac (1672-1738) was French Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1716 until 1724.[1] One of his main missions was to assure that the Ottoman Empire remained a threat to the Habsburgs, the main rival of France in Europe, a regular objective of the Franco-Ottoman alliance. He wrote Mémoire historique sur l'Ambassade de France à Constantinople.
From 1690 to 1694 he was a musketeer. In 1694 he was captain of a dragoons company. In 1696 he entered the diplomatic service and served as secretary to his uncle fr:François d'Usson de Bonrepaus in Denmark. In 1698 he replaced uncle François d'Usson de Bonrepaus as Chargé d'affaires in The Hague. In 1700 he was envoy extraordinary to the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, were in 1701 he was replaced by uncle François d'Usson de Bonrepaus and went to the Court of Stockholm. From 1707 to 1710 he was representative at the court of Stanisław Leszczyński. In May 1711 he replaced Jean-Denis de Blécourt at El Escorial where he was till 1713 as envoy extraordinary」
【ジャン・ルイ・デュッソン、ユッソン侯爵(Marquis de Bonnac)は、1716年から1724年まで フランスのオスマン帝国駐在大使を務めました。
AFTERMATH OF THE SIEGE AND REBUILDING」 【包囲戦の余波と再建】
「AFTERMATH OF THE SIEGE AND REBUILDING
After the siege Athlone became a Williamite fortress.
Before marching west, Ginkel had the dead of both sides buried and ordered the streets of the west town to be cleared of rubble.
So many houses had been demolished in the bombardment that the Williamite garrison had to be accommodated in tents, although wooden huts were built for the winter.
Permanent barracks were built in the late 1690s. Most of the inhabitants gradually returned, although there was starvation in Athlone in the winter of 1691–2.
Repair work was undertaken, apparently at the expense of the principal property owners, who complained strongly of the losses they had incurred in the war.
There was a serious setback in 1697, when lightning caused an explosion in the castle magazine that again destroyed most of the west town.
However, the recovery was substantially completed by 1709, when a visitor described Athlone as ‘a handsome large town’.」
「FORBAIRT AN CHAISLEÁIN I RÉ NAIPÓLÓN DEVELOPMENT OF THE CASTLE IN THE NAPOLEONIC ERA」
「FORBAIRT AN CHAISLEÁIN I RÉ NAIPÓLÓN
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CASTLE IN THE NAPOLEONIC ERA
Athlone Castle largely escaped the 1691 siege undamaged, but by the early 18th century was in poor repair. In 1703 a Royal Warrant proposed the rebuilding of the castle and town fortifications. A drawing by Thomas Burgh dated 1707 shows a bastioned fort on the site.
During the Napoleonic wars (1793–1815) Ireland was viewed as vulnerable to French invasion. In response, the British government carried out a series of defensive measures, including the upgrading of strategic forts.
In 1797, the Duke of Richmond recommended the rebuilding of Athlone Castle as a depot and barracks for 1,000 men. By 1807 the fort was armed with 28 cannon and had a garrison of several hundred men. The barracks were modernised in 1815 and again in 1826–28.
Although later demolished, the barracks formed the structural core of Athlone Castle as we see it today. Its walls were reinforced, a drawbridge was added, and a bombproof magazine constructed. The castle became a key regional military headquarters and administrative centre for the British army in Ireland.」
「Plan of The Batteries (below) The project shown here was to protect Athlone’s river crossing. It features two major gun batteries, one beside the road and another across the bridge on the south side, with supporting gun emplacements to the north and south. Note battery at the north end of the canal is recent.」
An immense series of connected artillery emplacements, known as the Batteries, was erected on the west side of Athlone in the early 1800s. This picture, taken after the guns had been removed, gives an impression of the size and extent of the works.
「The Dismal Ruine of Athlone(アスローンの悲惨な廃墟)」と、 「Ranelagh School(ラネラ・スクール)」に関する解説パネル。 左: 「The Dismal Ruine of Athlone(Below) Lightning struck the magazine in Athlone Castle in 1697, causing an explosion and fire that destroyed 64 houses in the west town, newly rebuilt after the destruction of the siege. Most of the remaining houses were left uninhabitable, and there were six fatalities.」
右: 「Ranelagh School(Above) Established in 1764 with an endowment from the 1st Earl of Ranelagh, the school was located in a purpose-built building designed by the distinguished Georgian architect, George Ensor. Its original function was to provide free education for the children of poor protestants.」
「BAILE ÁTHA LUAIN MAR BHAILE GARASTÚIN ATHLONE AS A GARRISON TOWN」
「BAILE ÁTHA LUAIN MAR BHAILE GARASTÚIN
ATHLONE AS A GARRISON TOWN
The original army barracks, built after 1700, housed up to 1000 men and included a hospital and chapel.
The second barracks, Custume Barracks, was completed in the 1830s and became the headquarters of the British army’s 4th Western Division in Ireland.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, it played a major role in British military operations in Ireland and was one of the largest military facilities in the country.
Athlone also became a key training centre for new recruits, and British regiments regularly rotated through the garrison. The presence of the army had a significant social and economic impact on the town, providing employment and stimulating local trade.
After the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921, the British withdrew and the barracks became the home of the Irish Defence Forces, who renamed it Custume Barracks in honour of Sergeant Custume, a hero of the 1691 siege.」
「Gentex factory hooter General Textiles Limited (Gentex), a cotton manufacturing plant, made an enormous contribution to the economy and general life of Athlone during the nearly fifty years of its existence. Shift changes were indicated by the factory hooter, which was audible throughout the town.」
Athlone Castle was initially an Anglo-Norman motte or fortified mound. The site was taken over by the crown in 1210; stone walls and large-scale battlements were built soon after. The original structure was replaced in both height and outer wall shape and extended into this irregular enclosure with fine radial pattern. The present curtain walls were faced in the 19th century over rubble coursing.
At the outbreak of the war for Athlone, there was a royal garrison inside the stone fortification. Soon after 1690, a new barracks was built in the yard and other parts of the site redeveloped. This area remained in use by the British Army until after 1800. With the creation of the national monument the courtyard has been excavated and conserved. The outer moat and entrance rampart have been reconstructed and interpreted. Numerous buildings have been conserved and repurposed. The present exhibition includes displays and interpretation of the garrison town and refurbished buildings.」
The President’s House was a residential building erected in the castle in 1547. Subsequently it became the residence of the presidents of Connacht, a succession of prominent officials who governed the west of Ireland from Athlone between 1569 and 1672.
The house extended along the east side of the castle, with three large mullioned windows overlooking the river. It had fallen into disrepair by 1691, when it was completely destroyed in the Williamite artillery bombardment during the great siege.」