Quick Read
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A $500,000 portfolio split across AGNC, Ares Capital, Capital Southwest, and Main Street Capital loses $11,200 annually to taxes outside a Roth IRA.
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Altria and Verizon dividends qualify for the lower 15% tax rate, making them a lower Roth conversion priority than the BDCs.
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At a 4% reinvestment rate, the $11,200 annual tax savings compounds to $333,700 over 20 years inside a Roth.
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At the 24% bracket, a $500,000 portfolio of high-yield dividend stocks generating about $48,900 a year sends roughly $11,200 to the IRS every year when it sits in a taxable account. Inside a Roth IRA, the same income comes untaxed.
Roth Versus Taxable: $11,200 a Year on One Portfolio
Each of four ordinary-income payers (three BDCs and a mortgage REIT) gets $100,000 in the model, and $50,000 goes into each of two qualified-dividend payers. Each yield is the stock's annualized distribution divided by its current share price. For 2026, the 24% rate applies to single filers with income over $105,700 ($211,400 for joint filers). Ordinary dividends face the regular income tax rates. The 0%, 15%, or 20% capital gains rates apply to qualified dividends, so the model taxes Altria( NYSE:MO ) and Verizon( NYSE:VZ ) at 15%.
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Capital Southwest( NASDAQ:CSWC ): 10.96% yield, based on $2.5608 in trailing distributions and a $23.36 share price. It is a BDC with RIC tax treatment and a portfolio that is 95.5% floating rate, so its loan interest passes through to you as fully taxable income.
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This BDC, Ares Capital( NASDAQ:ARCC ), posts a 10.05% yield on a $1.92 annual dividend. The largest BDC just agreed to buy MidCap Financial in a $2.6 billion deal, and its payout is taxed like interest.
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Main Street Capital( NYSE:MAIN ): 5.71% yield on its $3.18 regular forward dividend. That figure leaves out its recurring $0.30 supplements, which are also taxable in a brokerage account.
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AGNC Investment( NASDAQ:AGNC ): 16.23% yield on $1.44, the highest in the group. The model applies the full bracket rate. The 20% Section 199A deduction on qualified REIT dividends (26 U.S.C. § 199A(b)(1)(B)) would lower that bill somewhat.
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Altria: 5.64% yield on $4.44. The tax rate is lower, but the yield is high enough that the drag still adds up.
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Verizon: 6.31% yield on $2.83. Its payout is qualified income, which makes it a lower Roth priority than the BDCs.
| Scenario |
Gross Income |
Tax Cost (24%) |
Net Income |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roth IRA |
$48,900 |
$0 |
$48,900 |
| Taxable |
$48,900 |
$11,200 |
$37,700 |
The Roth's annual edge comes to $11,200. Over 10 years, with no growth and no new contributions, it passes $112,000. The four ordinary-income payers account for $10,300 of that annual bill, or about 92%.
Bracket Multiplier: Higher Earners Lose Up to $17,100
| Bracket |
Taxable Net Income |
The Roth's annual advantage |
|---|---|---|
| 22% |
$38,600 |
$10,300 |
| 24% |
$37,700 |
$11,200 |
| 32% |
$34,300 |
$14,600 |
| 37% |
$31,800 |
$17,100 |
The 37% row taxes the Altria and Verizon dividends at 20%. That bracket starts at $640,600 for single filers ($768,700 for joint filers). Going from 22% to 37% raises the annual tax bill on these stocks outside a Roth. Nearly all of that increase comes from the BDCs and AGNC.
Compounding Turns $11,200 Into $333,700
Compounding widens the annual difference. In a Roth, the $11,200 you would otherwise pay in tax gets reinvested every year without any tax drag; at a conservative 4% reinvestment rate, that adds up to $134,500 after 10 years and $333,700 after 20. Without compounding, the 20-year total is $224,100. These figures assume flat share prices. They measure the permanent cost of keeping these income streams in a taxable account, and they leave out state income tax.
What to Do Before Your Next Filing
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For every BDC or mortgage REIT in your taxable account, multiply this year's distributions by your marginal rate. That's your annual tax cost.
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Check Form 1099-DIV box 1a against box 1b for each holding. The gap between them is your ordinary-income exposure, and those positions benefit most from Roth location.
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Model a phased Roth conversion that starts with AGNC, Capital Southwest, and Ares Capital. Compare the one-time tax on the conversion with the 20-year income gap above. The quiet stretch from retirement to your first RMD is usually when conversions cost the least, which is the whole subject of our free Roth Window guide.
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