So, I was eager to start reading the newly arrived "Samurai Register" (侍中由緒帳), but...
To my surprise, it’s not a modern Japanese translation but the original text as is, so I understood less than half of what was written. Well, there are some annotations in the margins though.
There was even a family tree included. In our case, since we’re not from a very distinguished lineage, it’s quite a simple one.
In the past, some distant relatives compiled an ancestor record that included somewhat embellished statements like “Direct descendants of the Saga Genji clan” (→ which I confirmed previously to be related to the original “Mori” surname) or “Served as accountants (kanjō bugyō) for generations in the Hikone domain” (→ which was not true for our branch).
Reading the lineage details in the "Samurai Register" anew, I realized that originally our family was actually of a lower status than even regular samurai—called “kato” (徒), which is even below samurai status. (I hesitate to put it this way as it sounds like I’m disparaging my ancestors, but that’s what the record shows.)
To summarize the commentary section:
Our family was summoned as "kato" during the mid-Edo period, promoted from horseback footmen (kiba-to) to junior page (chūshō), and finally became a stipend-holding samurai family in the late Edo period.
Four years later, they were called by the Ii family as “kato” and served the domain with household duties in Kyoto.
Later, the name changed to “Watanabe Jūzaemon” (渡部重左衛門). Due to lack of work in Kyoto, they were instructed to relocate to Hikone.
The second generation also served as “kato,” receiving a stipend of 26 koku and three attendants. They served as caretakers for the domain lord’s daughters, were promoted to horseback footmen with a stipend increase to 43 koku and three attendants. (At some point the name changed from Watanabe to Watanabe.)
The third generation served as foot soldiers who accompanied the lord during sankin-kōtai (alternate attendance). Their stipend increased to 55 koku and six attendants; they became junior pages. In 1837, they were granted 70 koku and became full stipend-holding samurai, appointed as garden magistrates.
The fourth generation served as reading instructors at the domain school (keikokan sodo kata) and later succeeded the family headship, serving as firearms and ammunition magistrates.
The fifth generation held various positions such as garden magistrate, inner inspector, and district magistrate of the northern and southern parts of the domain. Their record is particularly detailed, suggesting they were competent and active during the turbulent Bakumatsu period. At the time, the northeastern part of the domain north of the Amanogawa River was called “Kitasuji,” the southern part south of the Inukami River was “Minamisuji,” and the area in between was “Chūsuji.”
The family residence was granted in 1757 at Kodōgomachi, relocated to Kawabata in 1787, and by Meiji 4 (1871), they lived in Takajōmachi (today’s Motomachi area).
Definition of “Kato” (徒士) (quoted): Refers to lower-ranking foot soldiers not permitted to ride horses. Among samurai, ashigaru, and intermediaries (chūgen) in the Sengoku period, those of higher rank ashigaru became “kato” in the Edo period. The ranks among samurai families were generally samurai/kato and lower ranks of ashigaru/chūgen. However, there was a significant difference in status between kato and riding samurai. For example, samurai with the rank of omemie and stipend holders (chigyōtori) ranked higher, whereas kato ranked lower with rice stipends (kuramai). Kato were all low stipend holders and lived in poverty, often supplementing income through side jobs such as umbrella making, toothpick carving, bamboo crafts, haikai poetry, or flower arrangement instruction. Due to growing poverty, some samurai sold their status as shares. Kato were also called “hashirishu” and served as foot soldiers in the households of shoguns and daimyo. In wartime, they supported their lord’s hatamoto; in peacetime, they led processions and guarded the lord’s person.
The "Samurai Register" story will continue in one more post.