Listens and speaks for specific purposes

4th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Present accurate directions to individuals and small groups

• Participate in group discussions as a listener and a speaker in seminars

• Develop listening/oral communication skills

Contribute to group discussions across content areas

• Participate in group discussions as a listener and a speaker in seminars

• Articulate understanding of a reading to a partner

• State the main ideas or themes of the story

• Engage in a dialogue about the meaning of a selection

• Develop listening/oral communication skills

Seek ideas and opinions of others

• Ask clarifying questions and take notes when listening to a speaker

Use evidence to support opinions

• Develop skills of argument formulation in persuasive communication

• Support opinions with examples and details

Use correct language and specific vocabulary to communicate ideas

• Use specific vocabulary to communicate ideas

Communicate new ideas to others

• Make informative and persuasive oral presentations using purposeful structure and visuals

• Develop listening/oral communication skills

Demonstrate the ability to collaborate with diverse teams

• Participate in group discussions as a listener and speaker in seminars

Demonstrate the ability to work independently

• Develop skills of argument formulation in persuasive communication

• Support opinions with examples and details
• Make informative and persuasive oral presentations using purposeful structure and visuals
• Use specific vocabulary to communicate ideas

Use subject-related information and vocabulary

• Use specific vocabulary to communicate ideas
• Use reference books to determine meaning, pronunciation and origin of words
• Know the type of information found in various reference materials including atlases, dictionaries, and websites
• Select appropriate resources to find answers to questions about a topic

Listen to and record information

• Ask clarifying questions and take notes when listening to a speaker
• Develop listening/oral communication skills

Organize information for clarity

• Organize information using charts, diagrams, and timelines

Use language and style appropriate for audience

• Use specific vocabulary to communicate ideas

Differentiate among auditory, visual and written media messages

Identify the characteristics of various media messages

Locates and uses information from a variety of sources

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Use word reference materials, including the glossary, dictionary, etc

• Use reference books to determine meaning, pronunciation, and origins of words

Construct questions about a topic

• Conduct authentic research by applying skills of questions, information gathering, data analysis and synthesis

Collect information from multiple resources

• Conduct authentic research by applying skills of questions, information gathering, data analysis and synthesis

• Know the type of information found in various reference materials including atlases, dictionaries, and websites
• Select appropriate resources to find answers to questions about a topic

Use technology as a tool to organize, evaluate, and communicate

• Organize information using charts, diagrams, and timelines

Give credit to sources used in research

• Conduct authentic research by applying skills of questions, information gathering, data analysis and synthesis

Understand the difference between plagiarism and using own words

• Conduct authentic research by applying skills of questions, information gathering, data analysis and synthesis

Reads with accuracy and fluency

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Read with fluency and accuracy

• Use a variety of word recognition skills
• Increase number of known words

Reads with understanding

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Use context to clarify meanings of unfamiliar words

• Use the words around an unknown word to figure out its meaning

Use knowledge of roots, affixes, synonyms, antonyms, and homophones

• Use text, word parts, knowledge of stems and word origins to figure out unfamiliar words

• Increase vocabulary development by applying the knowledge of Greek and Latin stems to the English language

Develop vocabulary by listening to and reading a variety of texts

Use vocabulary from other content areas

Explain the author’s purpose

• Use a variety of strategies including: determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives

Describe how the language, setting, etc. contribute to purpose

Identify the main idea

• Use a variety of strategies including: determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives

Summarize supporting details

• Provide a sequence of events, procedures, and/or activities that occur in the text.

Identify the problem and solution

• Use a variety of strategies including determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives
• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature

Describe the relationship between text and previously read materials

Identify sensory words

Draw conclusions/make inferences about text

• Use a variety of strategies including: determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives

• Draw consequences and implications from text for application in the real world

• Create generalizations about the story/text based on categories

• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature

Make, confirm, or revise predictions

Identify cause and effect relationships

• Understand cause and effect and its relationship to consequences and implications within a text

• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature

Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension

• Monitor reading and know what to do when understanding in not occurring

Use text structures to predict and categorize information

• Identify and use text features such as headings, formats, charts, and diagrams

Formulate questions that might be answered in the selection

• Create and answer questions about a topic

Explain the author’s purpose

• Use a variety of strategies including: determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives

Identify the main idea

• Use a variety of strategies including: determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives

• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature

Summarize supporting details

• Understand classification of details to make generalizations within text
• Provide details, examples and illustrations from written text
• State the setting or context for the story by place and time

Draw conclusions and make simple inferences using text as support

• Use a variety of strategies including: determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives
• Draw consequences and implications from text for application in the real world
• Create generalizations about the story/text based on categories
• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature
• Understand the concept of change in the language arts
• Develop reasoning skills in the language arts

Distinguish between cause and effect

• Understand cause and effect and its relationship to consequences and implications within a text

Distinguish between fact and opinion

• Use a variety of strategies including: determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives

• Understand classification of details to make generalizations within text

Use prior knowledge and build additional background knowledge

• Understand the concept of change to analyze literature

Identify new information gained from reading

• Understand the concept of change to analyze literature

Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension

• Monitor reading and know what to do when understanding in not occurring
• Use a variety of strategies including: determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives

Writes with purpose, clarity, and expression

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Identify intended audience

• Select a topic and develop a plan for writing for a variety of purposes and audiences

Focus on one aspect of a topic

• Focus, organize, and elaborate to create an effective message

Use a variety of prewriting strategies

• Focus, organize, and elaborate to create an effective message

Organize writing to convey a central idea

• Focus, organize, and elaborate to create an effective message
• Use description, details, and examples
• Reflect individuality through word choice and style
• Develop persuasive writing skills

Recognize different modes of writing have different organization

• Synthesize author techniques to improve or create a new piece of writing

Write a clear topic sentence focusing on the main idea

• Focus, organize, and elaborate to create an effective message

• Evaluate the effective use of words, sentences, and paragraphs in context

Write two or more related paragraphs on the same topic

• Use the elements of reasoning to develop strong, convincing arguments in persuasive writing

Use transition words for sentence variety

• Vary sentence type, length and order to maximize the written message

• Use descriptive details and examples

• Evaluate the effective use of words, sentences, and paragraphs in context

Utilize elements of style, including word choice, sentence variation

• Vary sentence type, length and order to maximize the written message

• Use descriptive details and examples

• Reflect individuality through word choice and style

• Evaluate the effective use of words, sentences, and paragraphs in context

Revise writing for clarity using specific vocabulary and information

• Revise based on peer review, teacher feedback and self evaluation by adding, deleting, and changing information to improve writing
• Synthesize author techniques to improve or create a new piece of  writing

Include supporting details that elaborate the main idea

• Use the elements of reasoning to develop strong, convincing arguments in persuasive writing

Edits for usage and mechanics in own writing

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Use subject- verb agreement

• Develop linguistic competency

Include prepositional phrase

• Develop linguistic competency

Eliminate double negatives

• Develop linguistic competency

Use noun-pronoun agreement

• Develop linguistic competency

Use commas in series, dates, and addresses

Incorporate adjectives and adverbs

• Develop linguistic competency

Use correct spelling for frequently used words

Use singular possessives

• Develop linguistic competency

Understand and use the editing process

Develop handwriting

4 ^th Grade: Social Studies

Explains how the people and events of the past have influenced the present

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Interpret artifacts & source documents to understand events in history

• Apply skills of historical analysis and interpretation to primary and secondary sources of information

Determine cause and effect relationships (as related to history)

• Apply abstract concepts such as systems, cause and effect and how things change over time to understand the impact of the past on the present

Compare and contrast historical event

• Use primary and secondary sources to compare and contrast historical events

Draw conclusions and make generalizations (as related to history)

• Analyze historical issues using elements of reasoning (purpose, point of view, implications/consequences, evidence/data, inferences, concepts/ideas, assumptions

Make connections between past and present

• Analyze historical issues using elements of reasoning (purpose, point of view, implications/consequences, evidence/data, inferences, concepts/ideas, assumptions
• Understand and describes contributions to American history by individuals from diverse backgrounds
• Understand and appreciates the influence of individual experiences, societal values and traditions on historical perspectives

Sequence events in Virginia history

Interpret ideas and events from different historical perspectives

• Use primary and secondary sources to interpret historical perspectives

Evaluate and discuss issues orally and in writing (as related to history)

• Evaluate and discuss issues orally and in writing through seminars and debate
• Analyze historical situations for cause and effect relationships

Organize/synthesize information on Virginia history in variety of ways

• Participate in debates about historical contributions

Describe how archaeologists found new info at Werowocomoco & Jamestown

Explain the reasons for English colonization

• Understand the colonial period in Virginia and Colonial America with emphasis on political, economic and social systems that define the early English settlements

Identify importance of the arrival of Africans & women to Jamestown

• Identify key figures in American history and their influence

Describe hardships Jamestown settlers faced & changes for survival

• Identify importance of Jamestown
• Analyze historical situations for cause and effect relationships

Describe interactions between the English settlers & native peoples

• Compare and contrast the settlers and Native Americans’ interactions with the environment

Describe the influence of prominent English people

• Analyze historical situations for cause and effect relationships

Describe how Colonial Virginia reflected the cultures of all residents

• Understand the colonial period in Virginia and Colonial America with emphasis on political, economic and social systems that define the early English settlements

Identify the various roles of Virginians in the Revolutionary War Era

• Analyze the causes and circumstances surrounding the growing hostility between Virginia and Great Britain

Identify key events in Virginia during the American Revolution

• Explain the cause and effect relationship of key events during the American Revolution

Explain phrases referring to George Washington and James Madison

Identify events and differences between Northern and Southern states

• Explain the cause and effect relationship of key events during the Civil War era

Describe Virginia's role in the Civil War including the major battles

• Evaluate the cause and effect relationship from the major battles from the Civil War

Describe the varied roles played by Virginians during the Civil War

• Identify key figures in American history and their influence

Identify the impact of Virginians - Woodrow Wilson & George Marshall

• Identify key figures in American history and their influence

Identify VA citizens who made political/social/economic contributions

• Identify key figures in American history and their influence

Describe the history of the people of Fairfax County

• Describe how human systems change over time based on the needs, resources, and circumstances

Reads maps and understands the impact of geography on culture

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Analyze & interpret maps to explain relationships to historical events

Locate Virginia and its bordering states on maps of the U.S.

Locate and describe Virginia's five regions

Locate/identify water features important to early history of Virginia

• Develop an understanding of how physical and human characteristics defined daily life in early Virginia history

Locate three American Indian language groups on a map of Virginia

Describe how American Indians adapted to their climate and environment

• Investigate Native Americans’ interactions with the environment

Identify and locate the current state-recognized tribes

Describe how geography influenced the decision to settle at Jamestown

• Describe how survival is influenced  by adaptations from the environment

Explain reasons for the relocation of Virginia's capital

Explain the influence of geography on the migration of Virginians

• Develop an understanding of how physical and human characteristics define migration for Virginians

Describe and locate past events in the history of Fairfax County

Recognizes the structure of government and the relationship between rules, laws and becoming a good citizen

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Determine cause and effect relationships (as related to civics)

• Develop an understanding of the concept of systems and of structure, function, and pattern as key system elements

Draw conclusions and make generalizations (as related to civics)

Evaluate and discuss issues orally and in writing (as related to civics)

Identify importance of the Charters of the Virginia Company of London

Identify importance of the General Assembly (1619)

Identify reasons why colonies went to war with Great Britain

Identify the ideas of George Mason and Thomas Jefferson

• Identify the implications of the ideas of George Mason and Thomas Jefferson

Identify the effects of segregation and “Jim Crow” on life in Virginia

Identify the events linked to desegregation and massive resistance

Identify the three branches of Virginia government & function of each

• Analyze the  three branches of Virginia government and the function of each

Analyze economic and governmental features of Fairfax County

Understands economic concepts and the impact of economics on culture

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Explain the importance of agriculture and its influence on slavery

Describe how money, barter and credit were used in the Virginia colony

• Describe how producers have used natural, human and capital resources in the past and present

Describe everyday life in colonial Virginia

Identify the effects of reconstruction on life in Virginia

• Explain the cause and effect relationship of reconstruction

Describe importance of railroads, new industries & growth of cities

Describe the economic/social transition from a rural society to urban

Describe the major products & industries of Virginia's five regions

Explain advances in transportation, communications and technology

• Describe how economic need can lead to the advancement in transportation and communication systems

Analyze economic and governmental features of Fairfax County

Mathematics

Extensions in Mathematics:

• Build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving

• Solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts

• Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems

• Monitor and reflect on the process of mathematics problem solving

• Make and investigate mathematical conjectures

• Develop and evaluate mathematical arguments

• Organize and consolidate mathematical thinking through communication

• Communicate mathematical thinking coherently to teachers and peers

• Analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking and strategies of others

• Use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely

• Recognize and use connections among mathematical ideas

• Recognize and apply mathematics in contexts outside of mathematics

• Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas

• Select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems

• Use representations to model and interpret mathematical phenomena

Represents numbers accurately and demonstrates an understanding of number relationships

4 ^th Grade AAP POS

Round decimals to nearest whole number, tenth, or hundredth

Recognize/name fractions in equivalent decimal form and vice versa

Compare and order a given set of decimals and fractions

Identify and describe characteristics of prime and composite numbers

Identify and describe characteristics of even and odd numbers

Computes numbers with fluency and makes reasonable estimates

4 ^th Grade AAP POS

Create and solve problems involving operations with whole numbers

Find sum/difference/product/quotient involving decimals

Create & solve practical problems involving decimals

Solve problems with addition/subtraction of fractions/mixed numbers

Evaluate whole number expressions using order of operations

Measures with accuracy and makes reasonable estimates of measurements

4 ^th Grade AAP POS

Find perimeter, area, and volume in standard units of measure

Differentiate among perimeter, area, and volume

Identify equivalent measurements within the metric system

Estimate and then measure to solve problems

Choose an appropriate unit of measure for a given situation

Identify & describe diameter/radius/chord/circumference of a circle

Determine an amount of elapsed time in hours and minutes

Measure right, acute, obtuse, and straight angles

Analyzes characteristics and properties of geometric figures and demonstrates an understanding of spatial relationships

4 ^th Grade AAP POS

Classify angles as right, acute, obtuse, or straight

Classify triangles by angles and by sides

Develop definitions of specified plane figures

Investigate/describe results of combining/subdividing plane figures

Uses data to describe, interpret, and predict events

4 ^th Grade AAP POS

Predict the likelihood of an outcome of a simple event

Represent probability as a number between 0 and 1, inclusive

Collect, organize, display, and interpret data

Describe mean as fair share

Find the mean, median, mode, and range of a set of data

Describe the range of a set of data as a measure of variation

Represents situations and mathematical relationships using algebraic symbols

4 ^th Grade AAP POS

Describe/express the relationship found in a number pattern

Investigate and describe the concept of variable

Write an open sentence to represent a mathematical relationship

Model one-step linear equations in one variable

Create a problem situation based on a given open sentence

Investigate and recognize the distributive property

4 ^th Grade: Science

Investigates & demonstrates understanding of the natural world in a systematic way like a scientist & applies these skills & knowledge to solve problems.

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Understand observations, conclusions, inferences and predictions

• Analyze experimental data as appropriate
• Transfer knowledge to make predictions about similar problems
• Provide evidence and data to support a claim/issue
• Formulate multiple perspectives about a given issue
• Make inferences based on evidence

Classify and arrange objects/events according to characteristics

Select appropriate instruments to measure length, volume, mass, and temperature

• Collect, record, and report data using appropriate metric measures

Select and use appropriate instruments to measure elapsed time

Make predictions and inferences & draw conclusions based on data

• Make predictions using data from picture, bar, and basic line graphs
• Analyze experimental data as appropriate
• Provide evidence and data to support a claim issue
• Predict the impact of multiple solutions to the given problem within each system

Identify independent and dependent variables

Identify constants in an experimental situation

• Define which variables must be held constant in an experiment

Develop hypotheses based on cause and effect relationships

• Formulate multiple perspectives about a given issue
• Make inferences based on evidence

Collect, record, analyze & display data using bar & basic line graphs

• Make predictions using data from picture, bar, and basic line graphs
• Analyze experimental data as appropriate
• Draw implications for action based on the available data

Recognize contradictory/unusual numerical data in experimental results

• Draw implications for action based on the available data

Communicate data with graphs, pictures, written statements, numbers

• Articulate enhanced understanding of the scientific area to others

Construct models to clarify, demonstrate, and solve

Use current applications to reinforce science concepts

• Transfer knowledge to make predictions about similar problems
• Draw implications for action based on the available data
• Describe how scientists study and track hurricanes

Demonstrates understanding of the concepts of physical science including matter, force, motion, & energy.*

The overarching extension for the physical science unit is to acquire significant content knowledge through the course of solving an interdisciplinary, real-world problem.

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Understand that motion is described by an object's direction and speed

Understand that changes in motion are related to force and mass

Understand that friction is a force that opposes motion

Understand that moving objects have kinetic energy

Investigate and understand conductors and insulators

Investigate and understand basic circuits (open/closed, parallel/series)

• Investigate the behavior of electrical circuits and the nature of electricity and its generation
• Describe the flow of electricity in circuit
• Read and create simple circuit designs
• Determine whether a circuit is complete or incomplete, either by reading a diagram or by devising a method by which to test the circuit directly

Investigate and understand static electricity

Understand that electrical energy can be transformed into light and motion, and to produce heat

Investigate and understand simple electromagnets and magnetism

Describe historical contributions in understanding electricity

Demonstrates understanding of the concepts of life science including life processes and living systems

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Understand the structures of typical plants and the function of each structure

Understand processes and structures involved with plant reproduction

Investigate and understand photosynthesis

Understand  that adaptations allow plants to meet life needs and respond to environment

Investigate and understand plant and animal adaptations

Understand the organization of populations, communities, and ecosystems

• Demonstrate how given systems interact with each other
• Assess how systems change over time based on needs, resources, and circumstances
• Analyze the interactions of various system components with each other and the input into the system

Investigate and understand the flow of energy through food webs

• Analyze a problem system and certain related systems

Investigate and understand habitats and niches

• Analyze a problem system and certain related systems
• Assess how systems change over time based on needs, resources, and circumstances
• Analyze the interactions of various system components with each other and the input into the system

Understand changes in an organism’s niche  at stages in the life cycles

Understand the influence of human activity on ecosystems

• Analyze a problem system and certain related systems
• Demonstrate how given systems interact with each other
• Assess how systems change over time based on needs, resources, and circumstances
• Analyze the interactions of various system components with each other and the input into the system

Understand that Virginia has a great variety of animals and plants

Demonstrates understanding of Earth’s patterns, cycles, changes, & Earth/Space systems

4 ^th Grade POS

AAP 4 ^th Grade Extensions

Investigate and understand weather phenomena

Understand weather measurements and meteorological tools

• Collect and interpret weather data in the community

Understand use of weather measurements/phenomena to make predictions

• Investigate how global patterns of atmospheric movement  influence weather

Investigate and understand the planets in the solar system

• Understand the dynamic system of earth and space

Understand the order of the planets in the solar system

Understand the relative sizes of the planets

Understand the motions of the Earth, moon and sun

• Investigate the interdependent nature of the Earth, moon and sun

Understand the causes for the Earth's seasons

• Investigate the cyclical nature of seasons

Understand the causes for the phases of the moon

• Understand the dynamic system of earth and space

Understand characteristics of the Earth, moon and sun

• Understand how energy gets from the sun to the Earth
• Explain the effect of erosion on the environment
• Describe events that occur during the process of erosion

Understand historical contributions to the Earth-Moon-Sun system

• Recognize human contributions to Earth’s resources
• Recognize the difference between greenhouse effect and global warming

Understand that Virginia has many watersheds and water resources

Understand that Virginia has minerals, rocks, ores and energy sources

Recognize that Virginia has a great variety of forests, soil and land