Bayer is a German healthcare and agriculture conglomerate. Healthcare accounts for close to half of the company's sales and includes pharmaceutical drugs (about 38% of total sales in 2025) as well as vitamins and other consumer healthcare products (13% of total sales). The firm's crop science business (47% of total) sells seeds, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, a segment that was expanded through its 2018 acquisition of Monsanto.

Illumina provides tools and services to analyze genetic material with life science and clinical lab applications. The company generates over 90% of its revenue from sequencing instruments, consumables, and services. Illumina’s high-throughput technology enables whole genome sequencing in humans and other large organisms. Its lower throughput tools enable applications that require smaller data outputs, such as viral and cancer tumor screening. Illumina also sells microarrays that enable lower-cost, focused genetic screening with primarily consumer and agricultural applications.

Alnylam Pharmaceuticals is a leader in the study of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics. RNAi is a naturally occurring biological pathway within cells for sequence-specific silencing and regulation of gene expression. Alnylam’s commercial RNAi therapeutic products include Onpattro and Amvuttra (for hATTR amyloidosis), Givlaari (for acute hepatic porphyria), and Oxlumo (for primary hyperoxaluria type 1), all developed and commercialized by Alnylam. Plus, Leqvio (for hypercholesterolemia) and Qfitlia (for hemophilia A or B), which are being commercialized by Alnylam’s partners, Novartis and Sanofi, respectively. It also has several clinical programs across various therapeutic areas, including cardio-metabolic diseases, neuroscience, and hematology.

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals discovers, develops, and commercializes products that fight eye disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammation. The company has several marketed products, including low-dose Eylea and Eylea HD, approved for wet age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases; Dupixent in immunology; Praluent for LDL cholesterol lowering; Libtayo in oncology; Kevzara in rheumatoid arthritis; and Lynozyfic for multiple myeloma. Regeneron has multiple partnerships and collaboration agreements, with Sanofi (Dupixent, others) and Bayer (Eylea) as its largest partners.